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INDIANA

UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

NUMBERS:

THEIR

OCCULT POWER AND MYSTIC VIRTUE.

BF.ING A kKSL'MK OF Till': Ml'.W'S OF I'FJ

KABBALISTS,

PYTHAGOREANS,

ADEPTS OF INDIA.

CHALDEAN MAGI,

MEDLEVAL MAGICIANS,

W. WYNN WESTCOTT

HcjNOKARV Fellow ok thl Hermetic Societv ; Autiiuk of "The Isl\c Tablet,

" EVEKRUKNING LAMPS," "ORIGIN OF THE ZoUIAC," " FREEMASO.NRV AND

THE Kabbalah," "English Translation of the
Sepher Yetzirah."

THEOSOPHICAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY

7, DUKE STREET, ADELPHI, LONDOX, W.C.
1 Sen

X>^

INDIANA UNiViftimf UBBABTt

CONTEXTS.

part I.— PYTHAGORAS,
FOLLOWERS

HIS TENETS AND HIS

part 2.— PYTHAGOREAN VIEW OF NUMBERS .

part 3.— KABBALISTIC VIEW OF NUMBERS .

part 4— PROPERTIES OF THE NUMBERS INDl
VIDUA LEV :—

.MONAD.
DLAl) .
TRIAD .
'IK'IRAD
PEM'AD
HEX AD .
HEPTAD
OCT AD .
NOXAD .
DECAD .

part 3.— HIGHER NU

MBERS

part C— NUMBERS OF THE APOCALYPSE

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

Indiana University

http://www.archive.org/details/numberstheiroccuOOwest

PREFACE.

Seven years have passed since tliis essay was written, and the MSS.
pages have been lent to many friends and students of mystic lore and
occult meanings. It is only at the earnest request of these kindly
critics that I have consented to publish this volume. The contents are
necessarily of a fragmentary character, and have been collected from an
immense number of sources ; the original matter has been intentionally
reduced to the least possible quantity, so as to obtain space for the
inclusion of the utmost amount of ancient, quaint, and occult learning.
It is impossible to give even an approximate list of works which have
been consulted ; direct quotations have been acknowledged in numerous
instances, and (perhaps naturally) many a statement might have been
equally well quoted from the book of a contemporar)- author, a medireval
rnonk, a Roman historian, a Greek poet, or a Hindoo Adept : to give
the credit to the modern author would not be fair to the ancient sage,
to refer the reader to a Sanscrit tome would be in most cases only loss
of time and waste of paper. My great difficulty has been to supply
information m}'stic enough to match the ideal of the work, and )-et not
so esoteric as to conve}- truths which higher Masters have ordered to be
still concealed. Esoteric knowledge is open to all who with ardour
combined with humility seek it, but it is not to be offered to the scorner
as an object for contumely.

I must apologise for the barbarous appearance of foreign words, but
it was not found practicable to supply Sanscrit, Coptic, Chaldee and
Greek type, so the words have had to be translated. Hebrew and
Chaldee should of course be read from right to left, and it was at first
intended so to print them in their converted form, but the appearance
of Hebrew in English letters reversed was too grotesque ; ADNI is a
representation of the Aleph, daleth, nun, yod, of " Adonai," but INDA is

( 2 )

sheer biirbarity : in the case of Hebrew words I ha\e added the
pronunciation.

The "Secret Doctrine" of Mmc. JMavatsk}', a work of immense
erudition containing a vast fund of archaic doctrine, has supphed me
with valuable quotations, which arc the only recent additions to this
treatise. If an}- readers desire a deeper insight into the analogies
between numbers and ideas, I refer them in addition to the works of
Eliphaz Levi, x^thanasius Kircher, Godfre\- Higgins, Michael ^laier, and
John Heydon ; I have quoted from each of these authorities, and
Thomas Taylor's " Theoretic Arithmetic " has supplied me with a
great part of the purely arithmetical notions of the Pythagoreans, the
elucidation of which was mainly due to him. In conclusion, I request
my readers, —

Aut perlcge et vecte iiitellige,
Ant abstine a censiira.

W. Wynx Westcott, Fra. Ros. Cru., F.T.S.
396, Camden Road, London, N.
The author will be pleased to receive additions and suggestions, from
earnest students of either the Eastern or Western schools of Occultism.

PART I.

PYTHAGORAS, HIS TENETS AND HIS FOLLOWERS.

Pythagoras, one of the greatest philosophers of ancient Euroj^e, was
the son of Mnesarchus, an engraver, he w^as born about the year 580 B.C.
either at Samos an island in the ^gean Sea, or as some saj-, at Sidon
in Phoenicia. Very little is known of his early life, beyond the fact
that he won prizes for feats of agility at the 01}-mpic Games ; having
attained manhood, and feeling dissatisfied with the amount of know-
ledge to be gained at home, he left his native land and spent many
years in travel, visiting in turn most of the great centres of Learning.
History narrates that his pilgrimage in search ot wisdom extended to
Egypt, Hindostan, Persia, Crete, and Palestine, and that he gathered
from each country fresh stores of information, and succeeded in be-
coming well acquainted with the Esoteric Wisdom as well as with the
popular esoteric knowledge of each.

He returned with his mind well stored, and his judgment matured, to
his home, intending to open there a College of learning, but this he found

to be impracticable owing to the opposition of its turbulent ruler
Folycrates. Failing in this design he migrated to Crotona a noted
city in Magna Graecia, which was a colony founded by Dorians on
the South coast of Italy. It was here that this ever famous Philo-
sopher founded his College or Society of Students, which became
known all over the civilized world as the central assembly of the
learned of Europe ; and here it was in secret conclave that Pythagoras
taught that occult wisdom which he had gathered from the Gymnc-
sophists and Brahmins of India, from the Hierophants of Egypt, the
Oracle of Delphi, the kkean cave, and from the Kabbalah of the Hebrew
Rabbis and Chaldean Magi. For nearly forty years he taught his pupils,
and exhibited his wonderful powers ; but an end was put to his institu-
tion and he himself was forced to flee from the city, owing to a conspiracy
and rebellion which arose on account of a quarrel between the people of
Crotona and the inhabitants of S}'baris : he succeeded in reachin"-
Metapontum where he is said to have died about the year 500 B.C.

Among the ancient authors from whom we derive our knowledge of
the life and doctrines of Pythagoras, and his successors, the foilov, ing are
notable : —

B.C. 450. — Herodotus who speaks of the m)\steries of the Pytha-
goreans as similar to those of Orpheus.

B.C. 394. — Archytas of Tarcntum who left a fragment upon Pytha-
gorean Arithmetic.

B.C. 380. — Theon of Smyrna.

B.C. 370. — Philolaus ; from three books of this author it is beh'eved
that Plato compiled his book Timceus ; he was probably the
first who committed to writing the doctrines of Pythagoras.

B.C. 322.— Aristotle ; refer to his " Metaph}'sica," " Moralia magna"
and " Xicomachean Ethics." Nicomachus of Stagyra was his
father.

B.C. 276.— Eratosthenes, author of a work entitled " Kokkinon "
or "Cribrum" a "Sieve to separate prime from composite
numbers."

B.C. 40.— Cicero ; refer to his works " De Finibus " and " De natura
Deorum."

50. A.D. — Nicomachus of Gerasa ; Treatises on Arithmetic and
Harmony.

300. A.D.— Porphyry of Tyre, a great philosopher, sometimes
named in Syriac IMelckh or King, was the pupil of Longinus
and Plotinus.

340. A.D.— Jamblicus wrote " De mysteriis," " De vita Pythagorica,"
" The arithmetic of Nicomachus of Gerasa," and " The Theo-
logical properties of Numbers "

( 4 )

450. A.D. — Proclus In his commentary on the " Works and Days"
of Hesiod, gives information concerning tlic P}'thagorean views
of numbers.

560. A.D. — Simph'cius of Cih'cia a contemporary of Justinian.

050. A.D. — Photius of Constantinople has left a Eibliotheca of the
ideas of the older philosophers.

Coming down to more recent times the following authors should be
consulted: Meursius, Johannes, 1620 ; Meibomius, ^larcus, 1650 ; and
Kircher, Athanasius, 1660. They collected and epitomized all that was
extant of previous authors concerning the doctrines of the Pythgoreans.
The first eminent follower of Pythagoras v/as Arist;"eus who married
Theano the widow of his master : next followed Mnesarchus the son of
Pythagoras ; and later Bulagoras, Tidas, and Diodorus the Aspendian.
After the original school was dispersed the chief instructors became
Clinias and Philolaus at Heraclea ; Theorides and Eurytus at Meta-
pontum ; and Archytas the sage of Tarentum.

The sc'iiool of Pythagoras had several peculiar characteristics ; every
new member was obliged to pass a period of five years of contemplation
in perfect silence ; the members held everything in common, and re-
jected animal food ; they were believers in the doctrine of metempsy-
chosis ; and were inspired with an ardent and implicit faith in their
founder and teacher. So much did the element of faith enter into their
training that " antos eplia " — " He said it " was to them complete proof.
Intense fraternal affection between the pupils was also a marked feature
of the school, hence their saying "my friend is my other self" has be-
come a b}--word to this day. The teaching was in a great measure
secret, and certain studies and knowledge were allotted to each class and
grade of instruction : merit and ability alone sufficed to enable anyone
to pass to the higher classes and to a knowledge of the more recondite
mysteries. No person was permitted to commit to writing any tenet, or
secret doctrine, and so far as is known no pupil ever broke the rule, until
after his death and the dispersion of the school.

We are thus entirely dependent on the scraps of information which
have been handed down to us from his successors, and from his and their
critics. A considerable amount of uncertainty, therefore, is inseparable
from any consideration of the real doctrines of Pythagoras himself, but
we are on surer ground when we investigate the opinions of his
follow ( rs.

It is recorded that his instruction to his followers was formulated into
two great divisions, the science of numbers, and the theory of magnitude:
the former division included two branches, arithmetic and musical
harmony ; the latter was further subdivided into the consideration of
magnitude at rest — geometry, and magnitude in motion — astronomy.

The most striking peculiarities of his doctrines are dependent on the

mathematical conceptions, numerical ideas, and impersonations, upon
which his philosophy was founded.

The principles governing Numbers were supposed to be the principles
of all Real Existences ; and as Numbers are the primary constituents of
Mathematical Quantities, and at the same time present many analogies
to various realities, it was further inferred that the elements of numbers
were the elements of Realities. To Pythagoras himself, it is believed
that the natives of Europe owe the first teaching of the properties of
Numbers, of the principles of music, and of physics ; but there is evidence
that he had visited Central Asia, and there had acquired the mathematical
ideas which form the basis of his doctrine. The modes of thought in-
troduced by Pythagoras, and followed by his successor Jamblichus and
others, became known later on by the titles of the " Italian school," or the
" Doric school."

The followers of P}'thagoras delivered their knowledge to pupils, fitted
by selection, and by training to receive it, in secret ; but to others by
numerical and mathematical names and notions. Hence they called
forms numbers ; a point, the monad ; a line, the duad ; a superficies, the
triad ; and a solid, the tetrad.

Intuitive knowledge was referred to the Monad type O .
Reason and causation „ „ „ Duad type o— o
Imagination (form or rupa) „ „ Triad t}'pc A
Sensation of material objects „ „ Tetrad type n
Indeed, they referred every object, planet, man, idea and essence, to
some number or other, in a way which to most moderns must seem
curious and mystical in the highest degree.

" The numerals of Pythagoras," says Porphyry, who lived about 300
A.D., " were hieroglyphic symbols, by means whereof he explained all
ideas concerning the nature of things," and the same method of explain-
ing the secrets of nature is once again being insisted upon by the new
revelation of the Secret Doctrine, by Madame Blavatsky.

" Numbers are a key to the ancient views of cosmogony — in its broad
sense, spiritually as well as physically considered, and to the evolution of
the present human race ; all systems of religious mysticism are based
upon numerals : the sacredness of numbers begins with the Great First
Cause, the One, and ends only with the nought or zero— symbol of the
infinite and boundless universe." Isis Unveiled, vol. ii. 407.

Tradition narrates that the students of the Pythagorean school at first
classed as Exoterici or Auscultantes, listeners, were privileged to rise by
merit and ability to the higher grades of Genuini, Perfecti, Mathematici,
or the most coveted title of Esoterici.

( 6 )

PART II.

PYTHAGOREAN VIEWS ON NUMBERS.

fHE foundation of Pythagorean Mathematics was as follows :
The first natural division of Numbers is into EVEX and ODD.
An EVEN number being one which is divisible into two equal
parts, without leaving a monad between them. The ODD number when
divided into two equal parts leaves the monad in the middle between
the parts.

All even numbers also (except the duad— two— which is simply two
unities), may be divided into two equal parts, and also into two unequal
parts, yet so that in neither division will either parity be mingled with
imparity, nor imparity with parity : the binary number two cannot be
divided into two unequal parts.

Thus lo divides into 5 and 5, equal parts, also into 3 and 7, both im-
parities, and into 6 and 4 both parities ; and 8 divides into 4 and 4
equals and parities, and into 5 and 3 both imparities.

But the ODD number is only divisible into uneven parts and one part
is also a parity and the other part an imparity, thus 7 into 4 and 3, or

5 and 2 ; in both cases, unequal, and odd and even.

The ancients also remarked the monad to be " odd " and to be the fust
•' odd number," because it cannot be divided into two equal numbers
Another reason they saw was that the monad added to an even
number, became an odd number, but if evens are added to evens the
result is an even number.

Aristotle in his Pythagoric treatise remarks that the monad partakes
also of the nature of the even number, because when added to the odd
it makes the even, and added to the even, the odd is formed.

Hence it is called "evenly odd." Archytas of Tarentum was of the
same opinion.

The Monad then is the first idea of the odd number ; and so the
Pythagoreans speak of the " two " as the " first idea of the indefinite
duad," and attribute the number 2 to that which is indefinite, unknown,
and inordinate in the world ; just as they adapt the monad to all that is
definite and orderly. They noted also that in the series of numbers
from unity, the terms are increased each by the monad once added and
so their ratios to each other are lessened, thus 2 is i + i, or double its
predecessor; 3 is not double 2, but 2 and the monad, scsquialter ; 4 to
3 is 3 and the monad, and the ratio is sesquitertian ; the sesquiquintan

6 to 5 is less also than its forerunner, thesesquiquartan 5 and 4, and so
on through the series.

They also noted that every number is one half of the total of the
numbers about it, in the natural series ; thus 5 is half of 6 and 4. And

( 7 )

also of tiie sum of the numbers a^-ain above and below this pair, thus 5
is also half of 7 and 3, and so on till unity is reached ; for the Monad
alone has not two terms, one below and one above, it has one above
it only, and hence is said to be the "source of all multitude."

" Evenly even " is another term applied anciently to one sort of even
numbers, such are those which divide into two equal parts, and each
part divides evcnl}-, and the c\en division is continued until unity is
reached, such a number is 64. These numbers form a scries, in a duple
ratio from unity : thus 1,2,4,8, 16,32. "Evenly odd" applied to an
even number, points out that like 6, 10, 14, and 28, when divided into
two equal parts, these are found to be indivisible into equal parts. A
series of these numbers is formed by doubling the items of a series oi a
odd numbers, thus :

I) 3) 5. 7. 9. produce 2, 6, 10, 14, iS.

Unevenly even numbers may be parted into two equal divisions, and
these parts again equally divided, but the process does not proceed
until unity is reached ; such numbers are 24 and 28.

Odd numbers also are susceptible of being looked upon from three
points of view, thus :

"First and incompositc," such are 3, 5,7, 11, 13, 19, 23, 29, 31, no
other number measures them but unity, they are not composed of other
numbers, but are generated from unity alone.

"Second and composite" are indeed "odd," but contain and arc
composed from other numbers, such are 9, 15, 21, 25, 27, 33, and 39;
these have parts which are denominated from a foreign number, or
word, as well as proper unity, thus 9 has a third part which is 3 ; 15
has a third part which is 5 ; and a fifth part 3 ; hence as containing a
foreign part, it is called second, and as containing a divisibility, it is
composite.

The Third Variety of odd numbers is more complex and is of itself
second and composite, but with reference to another is first and incom-
positc: such are 9 and 25 ; these are divisible, each of them that is
second and composite, yet have no common measure; thus 3 which
divides the 9 does not divide the 25.

Odd numbers are sorted out into these three classes by a device,
called the "Sieve of Eratosthenes"' which is of too complex a nature to
form part of a monograph, so discursive as this must be.

Even numbers have also been divided by the ancient sages into
Perfect, Deficient and Superabundant.

Superperfect or Superabundant are such as 12 and 24.

Deficient are such as 8 and 14.

Perfect are such as 6 and 28 ; equal to the number of their parts ; as
2o — half is 14, a fourth is 7, a seventh is 4, a fourteenth part is 2 : and
the twenty-eighth is i ; which quotients added together are 28.

In Deficient numbers such as 14, the parts are surpassed by the

( 8 )

whole ; one seventh is 2, a half is 7, a fourteenth is I ; the aggregate is
10, or less than 14.

In Superabundant as 12, the whole surpasses the aggregate of its
parts ; thus the sixth is 2, a iourth is 3, a third is 4, a half is 6, and a
twelfth is I ; and the aggregate is 16, or more than 12.

Superperfect numbers they looked on as similar to Briareus the
hundred-handed giant, his parts were too numerous ; the deficient
numbers resembled Cyclops who had but one eye ; whilst the perfect
numbers have the temperament of a middle limit and are the emulators
of Virtue, a medium between excess and defect, not the summit as some
ancients falsely thought.

Evil is indeed opposed to evil, but both to one good. Good, however,
is never opposed to good, but to two evils.

The Perfect numbers are also like the virtues, few in number ; whilst the
other two classes are like the vices, numerous, inordinate and indefinite.

There is but one perfect number between i and 10, that is 6 ; only
one between 10 and 100, that is 28 ; only one between 100 and 1,000,
that is 496; and between 1,000 and 10,000 only one, that is 8,128.

Odd numbers they called Gnomons, because being added to squares,
they keep the same figures as in Geometry : see Simplicius, liber 3.

A number which is formed by the multiplication of an odd and an
even number together he called Hermaphrodite or "arrenothelus."

In connection with these notes on parity and imparity, definite and
indefinite numbers, it is to be noted that the old philosophers were
deeply imbued with the union of numerical ideas with Nature — in its
common acceptation, and also to the natures, essences or substrata 01
things.

The nature of good to them was definite, that of evil indefinite ; and
the more indefinite the nature of the evil the worse it was. Goodness
alone can define or bound the indefinite. In the human soul exists a
certain vestige of divine goodness (Buddhi), this bounds and moderates
the indefiniteness and inequality of its desires.

It may be demonstrated that all inequality arises ifrom equality, so
that obtaining as it were the power of a imother and a root, she pours
forth with exuberant fertility all the sorts of inequality ; and did space
and time allow it could be also shown that all inequality may be reduced
to equality.

lamblichus in his treatise on the Arithmetic of Nicomachus throws
another light on numbers ; he says some are like friends, they are
Amicable numbers, as 284 and 220.

Pythagoras, being asked what a friend was, said erepa e7M=" another
I." Now this is demonstrated to be the case in these numbers, the parts
of each are generative of each other according to the nature of friendship.

Ozanam, a French mathematician, A.D. 1710, gives examples in his
"Mathematical Recreations" of such Amicable Numbers. He remarks

( 9 )

that 220 is equal to the sum of the aliquot parts of 2S4, thus i +2+4 +
71 + 142 = 220; and 284 is equal to the sum of the aliquot parts of 220,
thus 1 + 2 + 4+5 + 10+11+20 + 22+44+55 + 110 = 284.

Another such pair of numbers are 17,296 and 18,416.

Very curious speculations as to the relation between Numbers, and
marriage and the character of offspring from it, are to be found scattered
through the writings of the Philosophers. Plato in his Republic, has a
passage concerning a geometric number which divinely generated will be
fortunate or unfortunate. Nicomachus also speaks of this same number, and
he calls it the Nuptial number ; and he passes from it to state that from
two good parents, only good offspring can come : from two bad parents
only bad : and from a good and a bad parent only bad : whence he
warns the Republic against wedlock in a confused or disorderly manner,
from which the progeny being depraved, discord will result. Sim-
plicius in his commentary on the 2nd Book of Aristotle "on the
Heavens" remarks that Pythagoras and his followers claimed to have
heard the music of the Spheres, to have heard an harmonic sound pro-
duced by the motion of the planets, and from the sound to have cal-
culated by numbers the ratio of distance and size of the Sun, Moon,
Venus, and Mercury. To this Aristotle objected, but perhaps the
difficulty might be solved : in this sublunary sphere all things are not
commensurate, nor is everything sensible to every body alike. Animals
can be scented, and their presence definitely known by dogs when at
great distances from them, and when man is in complete ignorance of
their existence. Some of the ancients thought the soul had three vehicles
the terrestrial body, an aerial one in which it is punished, and an
ethereal one luminous and celestial in which the soul abides when in a
state of bliss. It may be that some one by purification of the senses,
by hereditary magical power, or by probity, or by the sacred operations
of his religion, may perceive, with a terrestrial body laid aside, things
imperceptible to us, and hear sounds inaudible to us still in bondage ;
or with mantle partly unfolded some adept or truth-seeker may perceive,
with eyes upraised, sights invisible to mortals, whilst yet his ears arc
deaf to the sounds beyond us both. For why do we see the stars, while
yet we hear not their motion :

Why come not angels from the realms of glory
To visit earth, as in the days of old ?
Is heaven more distant
Or has earth erov.n cold ?

PART III.

THE KAr.BALAII ON NUMBERS.
Many nations of antiquity made use of the letters of their alphabets as
substitutes for an)- independent signs to typif\' numerical conceptions. It

is with the Hebrew letters as numerals that we are chiefly concerned,
and to a smaller extent with the Greek. Ancient records show that
the Greeks used their numbers almost exclusively for evcrj^-day pur-
poses ; while the Jewish Rabbis added to their practical value special
peculiar purposes, and looked to them to furnish deeper views of nature,
existence, and doctrine. No doubt can exist that the ancient Egyptians
were fully aware of the wondrous mysteries which numbers are able to
disclose, so considering that Greece, and neither Judea nor Babylon, suc-
ceeded to the empires of ancient Egypt, it is a curious fact, how little
knowledge of the dogmas of the Hierophants of Sais, Memphis and
Thebes, Greek literature has transmitted to us.

The Jewish Rabbis discovered so much of interest and importance
behind the merely superficial value of numbers and of words as their
iepresentatives, that they gradually developed a complete science of
numerical conceptions apart from mathematics ; this took the name of
Kabbalah or Oabalah, Cabbala, or even Cabala, words variously mis-
^.pelt from OBLH^the Received doctrine, from the root QBL meaning
lo Receive.

The Greeks as aforesaid did not develop nor use their letters as
numbers for mental conceptions, yet in the Middle Ages we often find
Greek letters used to transliterate Hebrew similars, and so there was
formed a bastard Greek Kabbalah on the Hebrew type.

It must be constantly borne in mind that all Hebrew words or numbers
are read from right to left, or the reverse of English words ; but in their
English transliteration, they are here in English order.

The corresponding numerals, Greek and Hebrew letters, are here given
with their English names, and the English synonym letters arc also
added.

A B G D

Aleph Beth Gimel Daleth

1234
Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Episcuion Zeta Eta Thetj
a/37 Se s- % 1] 6

Cii

Vau

Zain

Heth

Teth

i^ or I or

■J K

Yod

Kaph

Lamed

Mem

Nun

Samekh

Ay in

Iota

Kappa

Lambda

micron

Sii

TzadJi

Ounph

Resh

Shin

Tau

100

200

300

400

Koppa

Rho

Sigma

Tau

Upsilon

0-9

K M N P Tz

Final Kaph Final 3,Icm Final Xun Final Pe Final Tzaddi Dotted Aleph

1 n ] ^ r '^'

500 600 700 800 900 1000

Phi Chi Psi Omega Sanpi Alpha dashed

0 ^ '^ ft) ^ a

Note that there were no proper Greek Letters for 6, 90, and 900, so they
used special symbols, episemon (vau, or bau, digamma) for 6 ; koppa
for 90 ; and saiipi for 900 — ^ h ^

At some periods the five finals were not used for the hundreds, but
instead Tau was written for 400 and other hundreds added ; thus 500
was TO. Another point of importance is that the Jews never write JH
Jah for 15 because it is a Deity title, they use instead 9, 6 thus TV : the
Kabbalists did use JH because they desired to call attention to the holy
name in the number.

In some cases we find the Greeks to have used their letters in direct
order for purposes of numeration, as may be seen in some copies of very
old poems (the 24 books of the Homer's Iliad and Odyssey for example)
in which the stanzas bear the letters consecutively, in a similar manner to
the Hebrew letters heading the portions of the 119th Psalm in our
Bibles.

The word Kabbalah includes the Hebrew Doctrines of Cosmogony
and Theology as well as the Science of Numbers. The former is specified
as the Dogmatic Kabbalah, the latter as the Literal Kabbalah.

By means of associating the ancient doctrines of Numbers with the
letters of the alphabet, the Planets, Stars, Zodiacal signs and other
Astronomical terms, a form of divination became practised, by 'which
the professors attempted to foretell the future, life and death, good and
evil Fortune, detection of theft etc., an ample explanation of which may
be studied by the curious in the " Holy Guide " of John He}-don.

With this system is associated the practice of pure Astrology, the
divination of Fate by means of the Heavenly bodies, especially the
formation of the so-called Horoscopes— schemes of the arrangement of
the Planets at the moment of Birth, from which all the important phases
of the life can be inferred — by some few persons.

( I^ )

THE Kabbalah became a means of handing down from one genera-
tion to another hidden truths, rehgious notions, secrets of
nature, ideas of Cosmogony, and facts of history, in a form
which was unintelligible to the uninitiated ; and the revealing of the
secrets and the methods of interpretation was veiled in mystery, and
only to be approached through Religion.

The more practical part of the system was involved in the three
processes of: —

Gematria, Notaricon, and Temura.

Geiiiatna, a method depending on the fact that each Hebrew letter
had a numerical value. When the sum of the numbers of the letters
composing a word was the same as the sum of the letters of another
word however different, they perceived an analogy between them, and
considered them to have a necessary connection. Thus certain numbers
got to be well known as meaning certain things ; and not words only,
but sentences were treated in this manner: thus, as an example, referring
to Genesis xviii, v. 2, we find the words " and lo, three men," Vehennah,
shalisha, VHNH SllLSllH, this set down in numbers becomes 6, 5, 50
5, 300, 30, 300, 5, which amount to 701 : now the words " these are
Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael," " Alu Mikhael Gabriel ve Raphael,"
ALV AHKAL GBRIAL V RPAL converted are i, 30, 6, 40, 10, 20, i,
30, 3, 2, 200, 10, I, 30, 6, 200, 80, I, 30, also amounting to 701, and the
Rabbis argued that these two sets of three beings were identical. Some
Christian Kabbalists point out that in Genesis xlix., v. 10 we find " Yeb ih
Shiloh," YBA SllILH, " Shiloh shall come," which amount to 358 ; and
that the word " Messiah," MSliYCll is 40, 300, 10, 8, or 358 } but so is also
Nachash the Serpent of Moses, NCiiSh, 50, 8, 300 ; and I must remark that
the claim to translate SllILH.or, as some ancient Hebrew MSS. write it,
SllLH, by " Shiloh," in the sense of Jesus Christ, is far-fetched. The
word is simply " rest," or " peace," in its simplest meaning : but also is
the Scorpio of the Chaldean zodiac (related to Nachash, serpent) ; and
"Judah" of whom Jacob is talking in the prophecy is the sign of the
zodiac, Leo, for "Judah is a lion's whelp " (the Chaldean zodiac has a lion
couchant), " he crouches as a lion." In this sense, then, " the sceptre
shall not depart from Judah," z>., power shall not leave Leo, until Shelah,
Shiloh, or Scorpio shall come up or rise. Astronomy teaches that as
Leo passes away from the meridian, Scorpio rises. The title "Comforter,"
" Menachem," MNCiiM, 40, 50, 8, 40, amounting to 138, and the title

( 13 )
"The Branch," applied to the ^Jcssiah in Zechariah iii., v. 8, namely,
TzMCh, 90,40, 8, also 138, arc of the same numbe:-. Mctatrori, the
c^reat angel MTllRTllN, and Shaddai SllDI, translated '^ Almighty," are
both 314. The letter Shin, Sir, = 300, is used as a glyph of "the spirit
of the living gods," Ruach Elohim RUCii ALHIM, which transmutes
into 200, 6,8, I, 30, 5, 10, 40, or 300.

Notaricon, a word deri\-ed from the Latin notarius, a shorthand writer,
means the construction of a word from the initial or final letters of the
several words of a sentence ; or vice-versa the construction of a sentence
of which each word in order begins with the several letters composing a
given word : processes of contraction and expansion, therefore.

Refer to Deuteronomy xxx., v. 12, and find that Moses asks, "Who
shall go up for us to heaven ? " the initials of the words of the sentence,
MY YOLH LNU HShMYMH, read "My yeolah lenu hashemimha,"
form the word MYLH or" Mylah," which means "Circumcision," and the
final letters form the word Jehovah, YHUH or IHVH, suggesting that
Jehovah pointed out the way, by circumcision, to heaven. Again the first
six letters of the book of Genesis, BRASlilT, Berasit, translated " In the
beginning," but more properly " In wisdom," are the initials of the words
BRAShIT rah ALHIM SiiYOBLU ISiiRAL TURH, read
" Berasit rauah Elohim shyequebelu Israel torah," which mean " In the
beginning, God saw that Israel would accept the Law."

The famous Rabbinic name of power, " AGLA," is formed of the
initials of the sentence, " Tu potcns in sa;culum Domine," ATH GBUR
LOULM ADNI, Ateh gibur loulam Adonai. The word "Amen" is
from AMN, the initials of " Adonai mclekh namen," ADNI MLK
NAMN, meaning " The Lord and faithful King."

Temiira means Permutation ; sometimes the letters of a word are
transposed according to certain rules, and with certain limitations ; at
others each letter ot a word is replaced by another according to a
definite scheme, forming a new word, of which permutation there are
many recognised forms. For example, the alphabet of 22 letters is
halved and the two sets placed one over the other in reverse order

thus :—

ABGDHVZChTh YK
T Sh R Q Tz P O S N ML
then A is changed to T, and V to P, and so on ; so Babel=BBL
becomes Sheshak i.e., SiiShK used by Jeremiah xxv., v. 26. This form
is called Atbashor AT-BSii ; it will be seen that there must be 21
other possible forms, and these were named in order, thus, Albat, Agdat,
etc.; the complete set was called "the combinations Tziruph." Other
Permutations were named Rational, Right, Averse and Irregular j these
are produced by forming a square and subdividing it by 21 lines in each
direction into 484 smaller squares, and then writing in each square a
letter in order successively from right to left, or from above down, or

V !4 .■

the rc/erse. The most popular mode of permutation has however been
the form called " ilabbalah of the Nine Chambers," produced by the
intersection of two horizontal and two vertical lines, forming nine spaces,
a central square, and 4 three-sided figures, and 4 two-sided figures, to
each a:e allotted certain letters , there are several modes even of this
arrangement.

This method is used in a superficial manner in IMark Master Masonry
and is completely explained in the teaching of the " Hermetic students
of the G. D."

A further development of the Numerical Kabbalah consists of arith-
metical processes of Extension and Contraction ; thus Tetragrammaton
is considered as Y 10, H 5, V 6, H 5, or 26, but also may be spelled in
full YVD 20, HA 6, VV 12, HA 6, or 44

Again the Kabbalists extended a number by series. Zain Z or 7
becomes i and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 and 6 and 7 or 28. After another
manner they contracted, as 2S was equal to 2 and 8 or 10 : again
Tetragrammaton 26 became 2 and 6, or 8, so every number was
reducible to a primary numeral. In this manner, within certain restric-
tive laws, every word had analogies with certain others, thus, AB father
I and 2 are 3, IHV Jehu 10 and 5 and 6 are 21, 2 and i are 3. AL
SnDI, Al Shaddai, God Almighty, i, 30, 300, 4, 10 or 345 becomes 12
and then 2 and i are 3 ; HVA or Hoa 5, 6, i, are 12, and then 3 ; and
GDVLH Gedulah 3,4, 6, 30, 5, arc 48, and are 12 and 3.

Another method of substitution leading to results of an opposite
character is the substitution in any word of similar letters of another
group, hard for soft, or sibilant for dental, thus in TM=perfect,
exchange Th for T, and obtain ThM meaning defiled ; ShAN secure,
tranquil, becomes SAN battle ; ShKL wisdom, becomes SKL foolish.
In the word Shaddai ShDI Almighty, with soft sibilant and soft dental
or Shiddah, a wife ; if we replace with a hard dental, a partial change of
meaning is effected ShThH Sittah, an adulterous wife ; both letters
hardened completely change the sense STh Seth, a fallen man, a back-
slider, SThN Satan, adversary.

I cannot, without Hebrew letters, explain well the change of sound
in the Shin Sh, from Sll to S, but it is marked by a dot over the right
or left tooth of the three teeth of the letter.

A deep mystery is concealed in the Genetic account of the conversion
of the names of Abram ABRM into Abraham ABRHM and that of his
wife Sarai SliRI into Sarah ShRH, see Genesis xvii., v. 5-15, on the
occasion of the conception of Isaac YTzCllQ or YShChQ from the
root SllCllO or TzCllQ "laugh," when Sarah was 90 and Abraham
100 years old, this was on the occasion of the covenant made by
Jehovah with Abram, and the institution of circumcision of males in
token thereof Now here we have the addition of an H or 5, the essen-
tially Female Letter to the name of Abraham, and a conversion of a

Yod into He, Y into H, in the case of Sarah, and then their steriHty is
destroyed.

Some learned men consider Abraham to be a conversion of Brahma
the Hindoo Deity. The name splits up curiously. AB is father, BR is
son, AM is like Oivx or AUINI a dcific name of Power ; RM meant "he
is lifted up." Blavatsky remarks that xA.braham and Satu;n were iden-
tical in Astro-symbology, the Father of the Pharisees was Jehovah, and
they were of the seed of Abraham.

The number of ABRM is I, 2, 200, 40 or 243, the number of the man
figure Seir Anpin, representing Microprosopus.

Read Pistorius, Ars Cabalistica, for the effect of adding H 5 to men's
names, see page 969; also Inman, Ancient Faiths, article Abraham;
Secret Doctrine i. 578, ii. TJ ; also C. W. King, The Gnostics.

The name Sarah also has a curious set of similars in Hebrev/, SRH,
princess ; SxAR, flesh; SOR, gate; SCllR, black; SOR, hairy seir;
SRT, incision ; SR and SRR, navel ; and note the Sacti of Brahma is
Sara-swati, watery ; Sara refers to SRI, Lakhsmi, Aphrodite, and all are
related to Water and Luna, Vach Sophia of the Gnostics, and the ideal
Holy Ghost, all feminine.

S. L. MacGregor Mathers says 243 of Abram becomes 248 by adding
H, and Sarai 510 becomes 505 by taking 5 off, putting H for Y, and the
total of the two names is unaltered, being 753 ; 248 is the number of the
members of Microprosopus and of RChM, rechem or Mercy.

Before leaving this subject, a reference must be made to the Magic
Squares, of the Planets etc. ; to each planet belongs a special unit, and
secondarily other numbers.

Thus the Square of Saturn has three compartments each way, and in
each subdivision is a unit, i to 9, so arranged that the columns add up
to 15 every way, and the total being 45. The Square of Jupiter has a
side of four divisions, total 16, each line adds up to 34, and the total is
136.

The Square of Mars is given here as an example, each side five, total
squares 25, each side counting 65, and total 325.

Similarly the four several numbers of Sol are 6, 36, ill, 666. Of
Venus 7,49, 175, 1225. Of Mercury, 8, 64, 260, 20S0.

Of Luna 9, 81, 16^;), 3321. Each number then becomes a name ; take
the case of Mercury ; 64 is alike DIN and DNI, Din and Doni ; 260 is
Tiriel, TIRIAL, and 20S0 is Tanhthartharath, TPTRTRT.

( 16 )

The Chaldeans associated m\-stic numbers witli their Deities, thus to
Anu 60, Bel 50, Hoa 40, Sin 30, Shamash 20, Nergal (Mars) 12, and
Beltis 15.

It will be noticed that the great number of Sol is 666, called Sorath,
SURT, the number of the Beast, about which so much folly has been
wa-itten. One famous square of Rve times five divisions, amounting in
most directions to 666 is formed of the m\-stic v/ords sator, arepo, tenet,
opera, rotas. Of these the first, third, and last number 666, but opera
and its reverse number only 356. The number 608 is notable, being in
Coptic, PURE, the Sun 500, 100, 8 and in Greek we f.nd VHS, 400,
8,200, which becomes IMS in Latin, for the Greek Upsilon changes to Y
and I in Latin, and so we obtain the anagram of " Icsus hominum
Salvator."

Kircher points out a Greek example of magic squares ; the names
Jesus and Mary, lESOUS and MARIA have a curious relation. lesous
is 10, 8, 200, 70, 400, 200 = 888. Now take Maria, 40, I, lOO, 10, 1 = 152.
Set 152 in a Magic Square of Three, i.e., nine compartments, thus,
1—5—-, 5— 2— I, 2—1—5, ^"cn the totals are all 888. The letters of
lesous also make a magic square of yS divisions, adding every way to
888. Consult the " A.rithmologia " of Kircher.

Remember " illius uieni'uilt Sybil/a de nouilna ejus vaticinaiido,''
" ononia sou ■monadcs, dekades, ekaton tades okto," or " nouien tuuui 8
imitates, 8 dcuarii, 8 ceiitenarii.'" — See St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei.

Note the m}-stic v.'ord Abraxas is i, 2, 100, i,Cb, i. 200--365 in Greek
letters.

As a curiosity note that the P.oman X for 10 is tv/o V's Vv-hich are
each five ; C, or, squarely drawn, C, for 100 consists of two L's which
are each 50. Friscian says I for one v/as taken from, i in the middle of
the Greek jnia female of eis, one, and V for five because it v,'as the fifth
vowel. To remember Hebrew numerals note AIQ = i, 10, 100; and in
Greek AIRA=i, 10, 100, 1,000.

PART IV.

THE INDIVIDUAL NUMERALS.

Chapter I. — The Monad.

The number One or the Monad has been defined by the ITathematician
Thcon of Sm)-rna as " the principle and element of numbc.s, which while
multitude can be lessened by subtraction, is itself deprived of ovcry
number and remains stable and firm " ; hence as number it is indivisible,
it remains immutable, and even multiplied into itself remains itself only,
since once one is still one, and the monad multiplied b}' the monad
remains the immutable monad to infinitv. It remains b\' itself amoncf

^ 17 )

numbers, for no number car. be taken from it, or separated from its unity.
Proclus observed : " the urst monad is the world itself, the second is the
inerratic sphere, then thirdly succeed the spheres of the planets, each a
unity, then lastly are the spheres e-f the elements which are also Monads " ;
and these as they have a perpetual subsistence are called wholenesses —
holotetes in Greek.

The Monad, Unity, or the number One received very num.erons
meanings. Photius tells us that the Pythagoreans gave it the following
names : —

1. God, the First of all things, the maker of all things.

2. Intellect, the source of all ideas.

3. Male and Female — both together produce all things ; from the odd
proceed both odd and even.

4. Matter, the last development of universality.

5. Chaos, which resembles the infinite, indifferentiation.

6. Confusion. 7. Commixion. 8. Obscurity, because in the Ineffable
principle of things, of which it is the image, all is confused, vague and in
darkness.

9. A Chasm, as a void.

10. Tartarus, from its being at the lowest extremity, is dissimilarly
similar to God, at the highest end of the series.

11. The Styx, from its immutable nature.

12. Horror, the ineffable is perfectly unknown and is therefore terrible.

13. Void of Mixture, from the simplicity of the nature of the ineffable.

14. Lethe, oblivion, ignorance.

15. A Virgin, from the purity of its nature.

16. Atlas, it connects, supports, and separates all things.

17. The Sun. 18. Apollo. 19. Pyralios, dweller in fire. 20. IMorpho.
21. The Axis. 22. Vesta, or the fire in the centre of the earth. 23.
Spermatic Reason. 24. " The point within a circle," " the Central Fire
Deity."

25. The Lingam, upright pillar, figure I.

The Monad being esteemed the Father of number is the reason for the
universal prejudice in favour of Odd Numbers over Even ones which are
but copies of the first even number the Duad, or universal Ivlotlier ; the
father being more esteemed than the mother, for " Might."

Odd numbers were given to the greater Gods, and even ones to the
inferior and terrestrial deities.

The number one is represented in the Roman and Arabic systems, by
an upright simple line, but in many old S}-stems whose numerals were
their letters we find that almost universally the letter h, from being
chosen to commence the set of letters, had the task of representing the
Monad.

In Numeration note that the Romans began with lines I, II, III, IIII,
and then followed the Acute Angle V for 5, then for ten this was doubled

: i8 )

X, for fift}- the angle was laid do-vn and became L, for a hundred, two
fifties, one invs.-ted became C, for nve hundred C and L became D D.

Hermias, the Christian philosopher, author of " Ridicule of the Gentile
Philosophers," quotes f.-om the Pythagoreans. " The ]\Ionad is the
Beginning of ali things " — " arche ton panton he vionas!''

The figure of one signifies, identity, equality, existence, and preserva-
tion, it signifies " living man " alone among animals "erect " ; on adding
a head we make of it P, the sign of creative Power, (paternity, Phallus,
Pan, Priapus, all commencing with the Vocable P).

Another dash added, and v/e have man walking, advancing, with foot
set forward, in t.ie letter R which signifies "iens," " ituras " or
" advancing."

Compare Unity, solus, alone, the unique principle of good ; with sol,
Sun God, the emblem of supreme power ; and they are identical.

The Duad.

This also was said to represent a large number of different objects
and ideas ; things indeed so dissimilar that a modern is at his wits' end
to understand hov/ such multiplicity arose.

And first it is the general opposite to the monad, the cause of dis-
similitude, the interval between multitude and the monad. Of figures,
those which are characterised by equality and sameness, have relation
to the Monad ; but those ifi which inequality and difference predomi-
nate are allied to the Duad. Monad and Duad are also called Bound
and Infinity.

1. It was called " Audacity " from its being the earliest number to
separate itself from the Divine One ; from the " Adytum of God-nour-
ished Silence," as the Chaldean oracles say.

2. It was called "Matter" as being definite and the cause of Bulk
and division.

3. It is called " the interval, between Multitude and the Monad,"
because it is not }-ct perfect multitude, but is parturient with it. Of
this we see an image in the duad of Arithmetic, for as Proclus observes :
"The duad is the medium between unity and number, for unity by
addition produces more than by multiplication, but number by addition
produces less than by multiplication ; whilst the Duad whether added
to itself, or multiplied by itself produces the same.

4. " Fountain of Symphony," and " Harmony."

5. Erato, because it attracts the Monad, like Love, and another
number is formed.

6. Patience, because it is the first number that endures separation
from the Monad.

7. Phaiics, or Intelligible Intellect.

C 19 )

8. It is the fountain of all Female divinities, and hence Nature, Rhea
and Isis.

9. Cupid, just as Erato, from desiring its opposite for a partner.

In Astronomy, we speak of 2 nodes. Caput and Cauda Draconis ; and
in Astrology of 2 aspects of the planets, Benefic and Malefic. In
Masonry we especially note 2 Pillars, and 2 parallel lines.

The Chinese speak of Blue, as the colour of Heaven, because made up
of Red, Male, and Black, Female ; of the active and the passive ; the
brilliant and the obscure.

The followers of Pythagoras, spoke of two kinds of enjoyment.
First, lasciviousness and indulgence of the Belly, like the murderous
songs of Sirens ; Second, honest and just indulgences, which bring on
no repentance.

Hierocles, says 2 things are necessary to life, the aid of kindred, and
benevolent sympathy.

A notable ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic was formed of two serpents
in connection with a globe or egg, representing the world. Another
celebrated pair, in connection with worship, is the association of a tree
and a serpent, referring as some say to the Mosaic account of the Tree
of Knowledge, and the Tempter Serpent. Some have supposed that it
is only since the condemnation " on thy Belly shalt thou go " that the
Serpent has been limbless, and obliged to crawl.

Note, it has been argued and by a great churchman too, that the
whole tale rests on error, and that for serpent, we should read " Ape "
(Adam Clarke). This is substituting one error for another.

In the orgies of Bacchus Maenades, the worshippers had snakes
twined in their hair and danced, singing " Eve, Eve, by v/hom came the
sin," see Clemens Alexan-lrinus, Protrept. 9.

Duality introduces us to the fatal alternative to Unity or Good,
namely EVIL ; and to many other human and natural contrasts —
night and day, light and darkness, v/et and dr)^, hot and cold, health
and disease, truth and error, male and female, which man having fallen
from his high estate, from spirit to matter, cannot avoid associating
himself with. Two is a number of Mourning and Death, misfortunes
are apt to follow ; turn to our History of England, see the unhappiness
of Kings numbered the second of each name, William II., Edward II.,
and Richard II. of England were all murdered. The Romans dedicated
the 2nd month to Pluto, God of Hades, and on the 2nd day of it they
offered sacrifices to the Manes. Pope John XIX. instituted the Fete des
Trepaspes (All Souls Day) on November 2nd, the second month of
Autumn.

C 20 )

THE TRIAD.

PHOTIUS observes that the Triad is the first odd number in
energy, is the first perfect number, and is a middle and analogy.
The Pythagoreans referred it to Physiology ; it is the cause of
all that has the triple dimension.

It is also the cause of good counsel, intelligence, and knowledge, and
is a Mistress of Music, mistress also of Geometry, possesses authority in
whatever pertains to Astronomy and the nature and knowledge of the
heavenly bodies and connects and leads them into effects.
Every virtue also is suspended from it and proceeds from it.
In Mythology it is referred by Nicomachus to :

I. Saturn, Time, past, present, and future. 2. Latona. 3. The Horn
of Amalthea, the nurse of Jupiter. 4. Polyhymnia, amyng the Muses.

Number being more increased by multiplication than it is by addition,
the number 3 is, properly speaking, the first number, as neither the
Duad nor IMonad are so increased.

It is a " Middle and Analogy " because all comparisons consist of three
terms, at least ; and analogies were called by the ancients " middles."

It was considered the Mistress of Geometry because the triangle is the
principal of Figures.

With regard to the Heavenly bodies, the number Three is important ;
there are 3 quaternions of the celestial signs, the fixed, the movable, and
the common.

In every Zodiacal sign also there are 3 faces, and 3 decans, and 3
lords of their Triplicity ; and among the planets there are 3 Fortunes ;
and 3 Infortunes ; according to the Chaldeans also, there are 3 ethereal
worlds prior to the sphere of our Fixed Stars.

On account of the perfection of the Triad, oracles were delivered from
a Tripod, as is related of the Oracle at Delphi.

With regard to ^lus'ic, 3 is said to be Mistress because Plarmony
contains 3 s)-mphonies, the

Diapason, the Diapente, and the Diatessaron.

Ezekiel, xiv., v. 14, mentions 3 men who saw a creation, destruction,
and a restoration ; Noah of the whole world, Daniel of the Jewish world
Jerusalem, and Job of his private world.

Note the Hindoo Trinity of Prahma, who consists of Brahma, Vishnu
and Siva ; Creator, Preserver, and Changer.

( 21 )

The living were of old called " the 3 times blessed " (the dead 4 times
blessed.

There were Three cities of Refuge on each side of the Jordan.

Three Fates, Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos.
„ Furies : Tisiphone, Alecto, Mega^ra.
„ Graces : Euphrosyne, Aglaia, Thalia ; says Hesiod.
„ Judges of Hades : Minos, ^acus, Rhadamanthus.
„ Horae: Hesiod says they were Eunomia (Order), Dike (Justice),
Eirene (Peace).

Jupiter's thunder is " triformis." Hecate is always called " triple."

Neptune's spear is a trident.

Pluto's dog Cerberus had 3 heads.

There were Three founders of the Roman Empire ; Romulus, B.C.
753, Camillus, B.C. 3S9, expelled the Gauls, and Caius Marius, B.C. I03,
who overthrew the hordes of Cambrians and Teutons.

The Jewish Rabbis say that the Sword of Death has 3 drops of Gall,
one drops in the mouth and the man dies, from the second comes the
pallor of death, and the 3rd turns the carcase to dust. See Purchas,
"The Pilgrimage," 161 3.

/s\ A letter Yod within an equilateral triangle was a symbol of the
ineffable name Jehovah, and was so used by the Jews.

The moderns have pointed out that this form suggests the idea that they
knew something of a triune God. Other monograms of Jehovah were
also triple ; thus 3 rays , and the Shin !^, and three jods in a triangle.

Under the number 3 also we may in passing mention the Royal Arch
sign, the " Triple Tau," three T T T united : the manner of its
explanation, and the ideas which it represents, are not fit matters for
description in this work. Note also 3 stones of the arch, 3 Principals
and 3 Sojourners; 3 Veils; and in the Craft Lodges, 3 officers, 3 degrees,
3 perambulations.

5 In the Roman Cultus, the number 3 is of constant occurrence, as for
example see Virgil, Eclogue 8, The Pharmaceutria ; the priests used a cord
of 3 coloured strands, and an image was carried 3 times round an altar.

" Terna tibi haec primum triplici diversa colore."

The Druids also paid a constant respect to this number ; and even
their poems are noted as being composed in Triads.

Indeed it is impossible to study any single system of worship
throughout the world, without being struck by the peculiar persistence
of the triple number in regard to divinity ; whether as a group of deities
a triformed, or 3 headed god, a Mysterious Triunity, a deity of 3 powers,
or a family relationship of 3 Persons such as the Father Mother and
Son of the Egyptians, Osiris, Isis and Horus.

And again in the various faiths we see the chief Dignity given in
turn to each person of the Triad : some rejoice in the patriarchal unity,
some in the greater glory of the Son, and others again, lavish all their

( 22 )

adoration on the Great Mother ; even in trinities of coequal males, each
has his own special worshippers, note this especially among the Hindoos,
where for example the followers of Vishnu are called Vaishnavas : to
complicate matters too, in this case each deity has his female potency
or sakti, and these also have their own adherents.

The Tetrad. 4,

The Pythagoreans, said Nicomachus, call the number four " the
greatest miracle," " a God after another manner," " a manifold divinity,"
the " fountain of Nature," and its " key bearer." It is the " introducer
and cause of the permanency of the Mathematical discipline." It is
"most masculine" and "robust;" it is Hercules, and ^olus. It is
Mercury, Vulcan and Bacchus. Among the Muses, Urania. They also
called it Feminine, effective of Virility, and an Exciter of Bacchic fury.
In harmony it was said to form by the quadruple ratio, the symphony
disdiapason. They called it Justice, as the first evenly even number.

As a type of Deity, we all know of the famous Hebrew title Tetra-
grammaton or unpronounceable name Jehovah I HVH : this name was
disclosed by the Kabbalistic Rabbis as a blind to the populace, and to
hide their secret tenets.

Almost all the peoples of Antiquity possessed a name for Deity
consisting of four letters, and many of them considered 4 to be a Divine
number, thus : —

Hebrew Yehovah IHVH, and IHIH called Eheie, and AHIH called
Aheie.

Assyrian ADAD. German GOTT.

Egyptian AMUN. French DIEU.

Persians SYRE or SIRE, Turkish ESAR.

Greek ThEOS, Tartar ITGA.

Latin DEUS, Arabian ALLH, Allah.

Samarian J ABE see Theodoret.

Egyptian TEUT, TAUT, THOTh.

In Sanchoniathon we find the Deity called lEVO.

In Clemens Alexandrinus „ „ „ JAOU.

The Tetractys says, Theo of Smyrna in the edition of Ismael Bullialdo
1644, page 147, was not only principally honoured b>' the Pythagoreans
because all symphonies exist within it, but also because it appears to
contain the nature of all things, hence their oath " Not by him who
delivered to our souls the Tetractys " (that is Pythagoras) this tetractys
is seen in the composition of the first numbers i. 2. 3. 4.

But the 2nd Tetractys arises from the increase by MULTIPLICATION
of odd and even numbers beginning from the Monad.

The 3rd subsists according to Magnitude.

The 4th is in simple Bodies, Monad-Fire, Duad-Air, Triad-Water
Tetrad-Earth.

C 23 )

The 5th is of the figures of Bodies, Pyramid-Fire, Octahedron-Air,
Icosahedron-Water, Cube-Earth.

The 6th of Vegetative Life, Seed-Monad or point ; if it increase in
length — duad-ling ; in breadth — triad-superficies ; in thickness — tetrad-
solid.

The 7th is of Communities ; as Man, House, Street, City.

The 8th is the Judicial power. Intellect, Science, Opinion, Sense.

The 9th is of the parts of the Animal, the Rational, Irascible and
Epithymetic soul, and the Body they live in.

The loth Tetractys is of the Seasons of the Year, spring, summer,
autumn, winter.

The nth Tetractys is of the Ages of Man, the infant, the lad, the
man, and the senex.

And all are proportional one to another and hence they said "all
things are assimilated to number."

They also gave a four-fold distribution of goods to the soul and Body,
to the Soul, Prudence, Temperance, Fortitude, Justice ; and to the Body
Acuteness of senses. Health, Strength, Beauty.

The Objects of desire are 4: viz.. Prosperity, Renown, Power,
Friendship.

The celebrated 4 Causes of Aristotle, may be mentioned here:

Divinity as the cause — by which ; or vtt' ov up ou.

Matter — from which ; or e^ ov ex ou.

Form — through which ; or St ov di ou.

Effect — with reference to which ; or Trpo? ov pros ou.

The Dead also are called 4 times Blessed ; and the Living but thrice
blessed.

The number 4 being the completion of the quaternary group of point,
line, superficies and body, has also this character that its elements i, 2,
3, and 4 when summed up are equal to 10, which is so perfect that we
can go no further, but to increase we must return to the Monad.

It was also called Kosmos, the World, because it formed the number
^6, when its digits were thus combined :
1+2= 3
3+4= 7
5+6=11
7+8=15

3'5
being the sum of the first four odd numbers with the first four even
numbers.

Plutarch, De Anim. Procr. 1027, says the world consists of a double
Quaternary ; 4 of the intellectual World, T'Agathon, Nous, Psyche and
Hyle ; that is Supreme Wisdom or Goodness, Mind, Soul, IMatter, and
four of the Sensible world, forming the Kosmos of Element.s, Fire, Air,
Earth and Water ; pur, aer, ge and udor : irvp, mjo, 7?;, vScon.

e}-clashes,

eyes.

teeth,

legs.

checks,

gums.

forearms.

ancles.

arms,

legs.

scat,

lips.

lips,

fingers.

calves,

knees.

hands.

feet.

' 24 )

Four is the number of the moons or satellites of Jupiter and Uranus.

The Arabians anal}-scd Female Beauty into nine fours ; as :

Four Black — Mair, eyebrows,

Four White — Skin, white of the eyes.

Four Red — Tongue, lips.

Four round — Head, neck,

Four long — Back, fingers,

Four wide — Forehead, eyes,

Four fine — Ej'cbrows, nose,

Four thick — Buttocks, thighs,

Four small — Breasts, ears.

See Lane, Arabian Nights.

In the Rosicrucian writings of Bchmcn, Fludd, and Meyer, we find
the occult dogma that the four elements are peopled by spirits, beings
who may have influence on the destiny of Man ; thus the Earth was
inhabited by Gnomes ; the Air was inhabited by Sylphs ; the Fire was
inhabited by Salamanders ; and the Water by Undines ; these are now
commonly called " Elementals." See Lives of the Necromancers, W.
Godwin ; Michael Maier ; Jacob Behmen's Works.

The existence of Elementals, scoffed at by the educated classes, is
really suggested in a large number of places in both Old and New
Testaments, the inspired volume of the Christians : examine, for exam-
ple. Judges ix. 23 ; L Samuel xvi. 14; Psalm Ixxviii. 49 ; Acts xvi. 16,
xix. 13, xxvii. 23 , Ephesians vi. 12, ii. 2.

Francis Barrett mentions the 4 Consecrated Animals, Lion, Eagle,
Man and Calf, emblems of the Kerubim on the terrestrial plane ; 4
Archangels, Michael, Gabriel, Uriel, Raphael ; note, all end in the Deity
name, el, ie. AL, of the Hebrews.

But above all consider the meaning of the Canticle " Benedicite omnia
opera " in the book of Common Prayer, " O ye stars, O }'e showers and
dew, O ye fire and heat, O ye winds, O ye green things, O ye mountains
and hills, bless ye the Lord, praise him and magnify him for ever."
These phrases are either folly, or else they recognise the spiritual essences
or beings inherent in the elements and created things. Again, read hymn
269 in Hymns Ancient and IModern, a most orthodox volume. " Prin-
cipalities and powers, watch for thy unguarded hours," and hymn 91,
" Christian dost thou see them, on the holy ground, how the troops of
Midian compass thee around." If these are not the evil elementals, what
are they?

The Gnostics said that all their edifice rested on a 4 pillared Basis ;
Truth, Intelligence, Silence, Bathos.

Note the Earth was formed on the 4th day, according to the allegory
found in the Jewish "Genesis."

The figure of 4> '^^ Ragon remarks, is the upright man, carr}'ing the
triangle or Divinity, a type of the Trinity of Godhead.

( 25 ;

Note 4 elements, 4 sides of a square and 4 angles ;

4 qualities, cold, hot, dry, damp, 4 humours ;

4 seasons of the year ; 4 quarters of the horizon ;

4 Rivers of Eden ; Euphrates, Gihon, Hiddekel and Pison ;

4 Rivers of the Infernal Regions ; Phlegcthon, Cocytus, Styx and
Acheron ;

4 elements of Metaphysics ; Being, essence, virtue, action.

4 Masonic virtues.

4 Evangelists and Gospels ; Matthew, Mark, Luke, John.

One of the abstruse dogmas of the Kabbalah concerns the Four Worlds
of Emanation ; Atziluth, Briah, Yetzirah and Assiah ; these are not
worlds in any ordinary sense, but rather planes of development and
existence, the former the most diaphanous and exalted, the others
becoming more and more concrete and manifest ; the ten Sephiroth
exist on each plane, those of the higher planes being more sublime than
those of the lowest ; each world has a secret name and number.

Vulcan gave Apollo and Diana arrows on the 4th day of their
Nativity : this says Sir Thomas Browne is the Gentile equivalent to the
Creation of the Sun and Moon on the 4th day.

The Pentad, 5.

From the Nicomachean Extracts we derive our knowledge of the
Pythagorean doctrine of the number five.

It is an eminently spherical and circular number because in every
multiplication, it restores itself and is found terminating the number ; it
is change of Quality, because it changes what has three dimensions into
the sameness of a sphere by moving circularly and producing light : and
hence

" Light " is referred to the number 5.

Also it is the " Privation of Strife " because it unites in friendship the
two forms of number even and odd ; the 2 and 3. Also Justice from
throwing things into the light.

Also the " unconquered " from a geometrical reason which may be
found in Alexander Aphrodisiensis, Commentaries on the ist Book of
Aristotle's Metaphysics.

Also the " Smallest extremity of Vitality " because there are three
powers of Life, vegetable, psychical, and rational ; and as the Rational
is arranged according to the hebdomad, and the Ps}-chical according to
the hexad, so the Vegetative power falls under the control of the
Pentad.

Proclus on Hesiod gives two reasons for its semblance to Justice
"because it punishes wrong, and takes away inequal'ty of possession, and
also equalizes what is less, to benefit."

Also named Nemesis, for it arranges in an appropriate manner all
things celestial, divine and natural.

( 26 '

And Venus, because the male 3 triad and the female 2 or dual, odd
and even are conjoined in it : Venus was sometimes considered herma-
phrodite, and was bearded as well as full bosomed.

And Gamelia, that is referring to marriage.

And Androgynia, being odd and masculine, yet containing an even
female part.

Also a " Dcmi-goddcss," because it is half of the Dccad, which is a
divinity. And " Didymus" because it divides the Decad into two equal
parts. But they called it Pallas, and Immortal, because Pallas presides
over the Ether, or 5th Element (akasa) which is indestructible, and is not
material to our present senses. And Cardiatis or Cordialis, because like
a heart it is in the middle of the body of the numbers, thus : —

1 4 7

2 5 8

3 C 9

The ancients had a maxim " Pass not above the beam of the balance,"
that is — be not cause of injury ; for they said let the members in a series
form a Balance Beam

__A,_

2 3 4 (5) 6 7 o

__ ^

thus when a weight depresses the Beam, an obtuse angle is formed by
the Depressed side and the Tongue Vertical, and an acute angle on the
other. Hence it is worse to do, than to suffer injury, and the authors of
injury sink down to the infernal regions, but the injured rise to the gods.
Since however injustice pertains to inequality, equalization is necessary
which is effected by addition and subtraction.

Plutarch in his treatise on the Generation of the Soul according to
Plato, states that the Pentad is called " trophos " which equals Sound
because the first of the intervals of a Tone which is capable of produc-
ing a sound, is the fifth ; it is also a type of " Nature."

The Pentalpha or 5 pointed star, an endless complex set of angles,
was the emblem of Health, Hygeia; it forms 5 copies of the capital letter
A. It is also called the Pentacle, and erroneously the Seal of Solomon,
and was said to be a device on the signet of the Ancient Grand Master
of the Mysteries.

Kenneth Mackenzie remarks that being formed by the union of the
first odd and even numbers, 5 was considered of peculiar value and
used as an Amulet or Talisman powerful to preserve from evil, and
when inscribed on a portal, could keep out evil spirits ; it is found almost
everywhere in Greece and Egypt.

The early Christians referred to t'le Pentad the 5 wounds of Christ.

( 27 )

Diodorus calls five "the union of the four elements with Ether." There
are 5 orders of Architecture ; and 5 Senses of the human body now
commonly known and described (but the whole are seven). Geometry is
technically called the 5th Science. In Masonry the grand scheme is the
5 points of Fellowship and note also 5 Brethren can hold a Fellowcrafts
lodge. It is also called the Pyramid, from the arrangement of Monads,
thus three below, then two, then one above them. Note the system of 5
regular Euclidean bodies, tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octohcdron,
dodekahedron and icosahcdron.

The Emblem of health and safety the Pentaclc, the IMasons' signet
mark (according to Stukely) was the device borne by Antiochus Soter
on a war-banner, to which was ascribed the signal victory he obtained.

The Ancients esteemed this number as a measure for drinking, they
mixed 5 parts of water with their wine, and Hippocrates added ^ of
water to milk as a medical draught.

Phintys the daughter of Callicrates describes the Five virtues of a Wife :
Mental and Bodily purity ; abstaining from excess of ornament in dress ;
staying at home ; refraining as females then did, from celebrating public
mysteries ; piety and temperance.

In Roman marriage ceremonies it was customary to light 5 tapers and
to admit the guests by fives, see Plato in Leg. IV.

The Jews classed a Bride's attendants by fives — five wise and five
foolish virgins.

Jewish references to five are many — 5 gifts to the priests, 5 things
which might only be eaten in the camp. Not to eat fruit from a tree until
it was five years old. The trespass offering imposed on the Philistines, 5
golden emerods and 5 golden mice. Joseph gave Benjamin 5 suits of
Raiment — Joseph presented only 5 of his brethren to Pharaoh. David
took 5 pebbles when he went to fight Goliath.

There are Five Articles of Belief in the Mahometan faith— in Allah,
in Angels, in the prophet, the day of judgment, and predestination.

The Five duties of a Member of the Christian church were stated by
the Fathers : To keep holy the festivals ; to observe the fasts ; to attend
public worship ; to receive the Sacraments ; and to adhere to the customs
of the church.

St. Paul said he preferred to speak 5 words in a language understood
by his hearers than 10,000 in an unknown tongue.

In arranging an Horoscope some astrologers used only 5 aspects of the
planets — the conjunction, the opposite, sextile, trigonal and tetragonal;
and the evil or good fortune of the person seemed to depend on them.

Among the Romans a display of 5 Wax Candles indicated that a
Marriage was being celebrated ; and special prayers were also made on
such occasions to these 5 deities, Jupiter, Juno, Venus, Pitho, and Diana.
See Rabelais, 3. 20.

One of the two main divisions of Flowering Plants i:5 characterised by

( 28 )

a predominance of the numbers 4 and 5 ; these ph'ints have ahnost a
total absence of the numbers 3 and 6 in the component parts of their
flowers. These are the Exogens or Dicotyledons ; on the other hand the
Monocotyledons or Endogens have a constant predominance of the
numbers 3 and 6, and a total absence of 4 and 5 s)-mmetr}-.

There arc 5 kinds of intcrcolumniations in Architecture, mentioned by
Vitruvius, determined by the proportions of height and diameter, viz :
Pycnostyle, systyle, custyle, diastyle, and aerostyle.

The Triad society of China, concerning which we find an article in the
Freemasons' Quarterly Review, 1S45, p. 165, boasts of great antiquity ; it
resembles Freemasonry in some points : five is a chief mystical number in
its concerns. Its seal is pentangular, on its angles are 5 characters repre-
senting TOO or Saturn, MUH or Jupiter, SHWUY or Mercury, KIN
or Venus, and HO or Mars.

In the Infernal World are 5 terrors and torments ; Deadly bitterness,
horrible howling, terrible darkness, unquenchable heat and thirst, and a
penetrating stench ; says poor old John Heydon quoting some mediseval
father of the Church. He was admitted a Zelator among the Fratres
Ros. Cru. but was never received among the Magistri.

Five styles of architectural columns are described : Tuscan, Doric,
Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite.

Sir Thomas Browne, 165 8, notes an ancient Greek division of
vegetables into five classes : —

Dendron BevSpov, Arbor, Tree ;

Thamnos 6afivo<i, Frutex, Bush ;

Phruganon (ppvyavou, Suffrutex, herb ;

Poa TToa, Herba, grass ; and

Askion or gymnon auKiov or yv/irov, fungus, mushroom and sea weed.

Note the Quintuple section of a Cone — Circle, Ellipse, Parabola,
Hyperbola, and Triangle. Agathe tuche, that is Good fortune, is the
old title of Astrologers for the 5th house (succedent) of the Heavens, as
shewn in an Astrological Figure, and which refers to offspring, success in
hazardous schemes of fortune or pleasure, and wealth.

( 29 )

The Hexad. 6.

'ICOMACHUS calls it "the form of form, the only number
adapted to the Soul, the distinct union of the parts of the
universe, the fabricator of the Soul, also Harmony," and it is
properly " Venus " herself

It is also Zygia, Nuptialia ; and Androgyna:, who Pliny tells us were
an African tribe who had " dextra mamma virilis, laeva muliebris."
Among the Fates it is Lachesis. Among the Muses it is Thalia.

Six is also Benevolence, Peace, and Health, Acmon, one of the Cyclops
{akinon, an anvil), and Truth.

By the Pythagoreans it was called " the Perfection of parts."

As to " Marriage," it is a number equal to its parts, and marriage is a
ceremony to sanction the production of offspring similar to the
Presant.

Formed by the multiplication of the first (bej'ond unity) odd number
and the first even, it resembles the union of Male and Female, as in
Marriage or in Androgyneity, Health and Beauty, on account of its
symmetry.

It was called " all-sufficient," iravapiceia, panarkeia.

According to the Pythagoreans, after a period of 216 years, which
number is the cube of 6, all things are regenerated, and they said this
was the periodic time of the Metempsychosis.

When multiplied into itself, like the pentad, six has also always itself
in the unit place, thus, 6, 36, 216, 1,296, 7,776.

On the 6th day Man was created according to Genesis. On the 6th
day of the week Jesus died on the cross.

In a Freemason's Lodge there are 6 Jewels, three of which are im-
movable and lie open in the lodge for the Brethen to moralize upon,
while the other three jewels are transferable from one Brother to another
at the periodical changes of officers.

In the Hebrew " Book of Creation," the " Sepher Yetzirah," the Hexad
is spoken of, the units representing the four quarters of the World, North,
South, East, and West, and also height and depth, and in the midst of
all is the Holy Temple. See my translation, cap. i. v. 11, on page 9, and
notes on p. 25.

The Druids had a religious mysterious preference for the number 6.
They performed their principal ceremonies on the 6th day of the moon,

( 30 )

and on the 6th day of the moon began their year. They went 6
together to gather the sacred mistletoe (misseltoe), and in monuments
and plates now extant we often find 6 of their priests grouped together.
See Mayo II. 239.

An astronomical period of 600 years, spoken of as the " Naros," the
Cycle of the Sun, the Luni Solar period or Sibylline year, consisting of
31 periods of 19 years, and one of 11 years, is often referred to in old
works on the Mysteries. It seems to have been known by the Chaldeans
and ancient Indians ; it is a period of peculiar properties. Cassini, a
great astronomer, declares it the most perfect of all astronomic periods.

If on a certain day at noon, a new moon took place at any certain
point in the heavens, it would take place again at the expiration of 600
years, at the same place and time, and with the planets all in similar
positions.

It is supposed that one recurrence of this period is referred to in the
4th Eclogue of Virgil, the poem, which, as is well known, has been
spoken of as an allusion to the Messiah, Jesus.

" The period sung by the Cumcean Sibyl has now arrived, and the
grand series of ages (that series which occurs again and again in the
course of a mundane revolution) begins afresh. The virgin Astrsea
returns, the reign of Saturn commences, and a new progeny descends
from heaven."

It has been calculated by some savants, by the late Dr. Kenealy in
particular, that a Messiah, or divine teacher, has been sent to the world
every 600 years, thus : —

Adam, the first messenger from the Gods to our race on earth.

Enoch, the second, 600 years after.

Fo-hi, the third, to China in particular.

Brigoo, Brighou, a Hindoo prophet.

Zaratusht, Zoroaster, the fifth, to Persia.

Thoth, Taautus, sent to the Egyptians. (Hermes Trismegistus ?)

Amosis, or Moses the Jewish law-giver, the seventh.

Lao Tseu, a second to China, 600 B.C. the eighth.

Jesus the ninth, to the Jews first and then to the Gentiles.

Mohammed the tenth, he flourished about A.D. 600.

Chengiz Khan the eleventh, A.D. 1 200 conquered Persia.

Who the special messenger of 1800 was, the author is ignorant.

The secret of the Naros, the Apocalypse, and the IMcdiatorial sacrifice
have been considered t/ie secrets of the Great Mysteries. Circumcision
was possibly an outward sign of Initiation.

Jesus, at any rate, writes the author of the " Book of God," appeared
at the 9th Naros, and no one can deny that such a messenger was
expected. Juvenal, oddly enough too, mentions in Satire XIII. v. 28,

" Nona stas igitur " — " now is the ninth age " — which indeed it was,
though how he knew it is a mystery.

( 31 )

N.B. — Naros is not to be confused with " Saros," a cycle of the moon
of 1 8 years and lo days, which was known to the Chaldeans and Greeks,
a period after the expiry of which the eclipses of the moon recur
similarly.

The circumference of a globe has been fixed at 360 degrees, six
sixties ; the hour divided into 60 minutes, each of 60 seconds. The
Tartars had a period of 60 days, the Chinese also ; and the Asiatics
generally a period of 60 years.

The Babylonian great period was 3,600 years, the Naros multiplied
by 6. The " Lily " which in all the old Annunciation pictures Gabriel
presents to the Virgin has 6 lea\-es, and the flower shews 6 petals all
alike, around a central three-headed stigma as is botanically correct.

One of the three main divisions into which plants are arranged by
Botanists, is typified by a predominance of the numbers 3 and 6, in all
parts of the flowers, 6 leaves forming a perianth, 6 stamens, and a 3
lobed stigma with a 3 or 6 celled ovary is the common arrangement.

Berosus, " One the Chaldean Kings," mentions three periods of time:
a Sossus of 60 years ; a Naros, or Neros of 600 years, and the Saros,
3,600 years. There seems some confusion here with the Saros of 18
years and 10 days.

Bailly in his Astronomic Ancienne, p. 31, says The Brahmans used
the numbers 60 and 3,600 in computing time. The Chaldeans also did
so. The Brahmins have also an Antediluvian period of 600 years. The
Tartars and Chinese also used a period of 60 years in their computa-
tions of time.

Under the number six too, we must not omit to mention the symbols
of the double triangle or Hexapla ; used at present as a sign in the
degree of the Royal Arch in England. It must not be confused with

the Pentalpha \/ V ; the true Solomon's seal ^^ is the Hexalpha :

the Pentalpha is the Pythagorean sign of Hygicia, Health. In Chris-
tian Churches we find this symbol used to express the union of the
Divine and human natures, deemed to exist in Jesus, the Christ of the
New Testament. The blending of the two triangles has also been used
to typify the union of Fire and Water ; for the whole symbol of fire
was the triangle apex upward, and that of Water the same apex down-
ward : the symbols of Air and Earth were two similar triangles, each
with a cross bar.

The Heptad. 7.

The Heptad, say the followers of " Pythagoras," was so called from
the Greek verb " sebo," to venerate (and from the Hebrew ShBO, seven,
or satisfied, abundance), being Septos " Holy," " divine," and " mother-
less," and " a Virgin."

P'rom Nicomachus we learn that it was called "Minerva," being un-
married and virginal, begotten neither by a mother, z.e. even number,

( 32 )

nor from a father, i.e. o.ld number : but proceeding from the summit of
the Father of all things, the Monad ; even as Minerva sprang all armed
from the Forehead of Jove or Zeus.

Hence also Obrimopatrc, or daughter of a mighty father, and Glau-
copis, shining eyed, and 'a/xi]T(i}p and ayeXeia, Ametor and Agelcia, she
that carries off the spoil.

And " Fortune," for it decides mortal affairs.

And "Voice," for there are seven tones in every voice, human and in-
strumental : because they are emitted by the seven planets, and form
the music of the Spheres.

Also Tritogenia, because there are 3 parts of the Soul, the Intel-
lectual, Irascible, and Epilhymetic (desiring), and 4 most perfect virtues
are produced. Just as of the three intervals, length, breadth, and depth,
there are four boundaries in corporeal existence — point, line, superficies
and solid.

It is called " Agelia " from Agelai, herds, as groups of stars were called
by the Babylonian sages, over which herds ruled 7 angels.

Also Phylakikos, ^j^Xa/ct/co? = preserving, " guardian," because the
Seven Planets direct and guide our universe.

Also ^gis, from Pallas Athene, or Minerva, the bearer of the breast-
plate or aegis, also Telesphoros, leading to the end, because the 7th
month is prolific; and Judgment, because their Physicians, looked for
a crisis on the 7th day, in many diseases.

Among other curious problems and speculations the Pythagorean
philosophers attempted to prove that offspring born at the full term, 9
months, or at 7 months, were viable, i.e. might be reared, but not those
born at 8 months, because 8 consists of two odd numbers (male only) 5
and 3 ; but in 9 and 7, male and female numbers are united, as 5-1-4 = 9
and 4 + 3 = 7, whilst eight can only be divided into two odd or two evens,
i.e., similar sexed numbers.

In respect to life and its divisions, they remarked the ages are
measured by the number 7.

In the first 7 years the teeth are erupted.

second 7 years comes on ability to emit prolific seed.

third 7 years, the growth of the beard as manhood.

fourth 7 years strength reaches its maximum.

fifth 7 years is the season for marriage.

sixth 7 years the height of intelligence arrives.

seventh 7 years, the maturity of reason.

eighth 7 years, perfection of both.

ninth 7 years, equity and mildness, passions become gentle.

tenth 7 j'cars, the end of desirable life.

Solon the x-lthenian Lawgiver, and Hippocrates the ph}-sician, also
used this 7 year division of life.

The Pleiades, a group of seven stars in the constellation Taurus, was
thought of mighty power over earthly destiny ; there were seven also of
the Hyades, daughters of Atlas ; and the seven stars which guided the
sailors. Ursa Major, in which the Hindoos locate the Saptarishi, seven
sages of primitive wisdom, are a group of the first importance and arc
easily recognised.

Duncan, in his Astro Theology, gives 7 stages of life with associated
planets ; thus. Infancy, Moon, Lucina ; Childhood, Mercury, Knowledge ;
Youth, Venus, Love ; Manhood, Sol ; Full Strength, Mars ; Maturity of
Judgment, Jupiter ; and Old Age, Saturn.

Some philosophers have said that our souls have 7 foci in the
material body, viz., the five senses, the voice, and the generative power.

The body has seven obvious parts, the head, chest, abdomen, two legs
and two arms.

There are seven internal organs, stomach, liver, heart, lungs, spleen
and two kidneys.

The ruling part, the head, has seven parts for external use, two eyes,
two ears, two nostrils and a mouth.

There are seven things seen, body, interval, magnitude, colour, motion
and permanency.

There are seven inflections of the voice, the acute, grave, circumflex,
rough, smooth, the long and the short sounds.

The hand makes seven motions ; up and down, to the right and left,
before and behind and circular.

There are seven evacuations, tears from the eyes, mucus of the nostrils
the saliva, the semen, two excretions and the perspiration.

Modern medical knowledge corroborates the ancient dictum that in
the seventh month the human offspring becomes viable.

Menstruation tends to occur in series of four times seven days, and is
certainly related to Luna in an occult manner.

The lyre has 7 strings, corresponding to the planets.

There are 7 vowels in English and some other tongues.

Theo, of Smyrna also notices that an average length of an adult's
intestine is 28 feet, four times seven, and 28 also is a perfect number.

The number 7 is also associated with Voice and Sound, with Clio the
Muse ; with Osiris the Egyptian deity ; with Nemesis, Fate, — Adrastia,
not to be escaped from ; and with Mars.

As ito the sacredness of the number 7, note among the Hebrews
oaths were confirmed by seven witnesses ; or by seven victims
offered in sacrifice ; as see the covenant between Abraham and
Abimelech with seven lambs, Genesis, cap. 21, v. 28, 21 — 28 ; the
Hebrew word seven, also Sh B O H, is derived from, or is a similar to
Sh B O to swear.

Clean beasts were admitted into the ark by sevens, whilst the unclean
only in pairs.

: 34 )

The Goths had 7 Deities from whom come our names of week da\-s ;
Sun, IMoon, Tuisco, Woden, Thor, Friga, Seatur, corresponding, of
course, to the planets.

Apollo, the Sun God, had a Greek title Ebdomaios, sevenfold.
The Persian Mithras, a Sun God, had the number 7 sacred to him.
Note the ^Mysterious Kadosch Ladder of 7 steps ascent and 7 steps
descent, the one side Oheb Eloah, Love of God ; the other Ohcb Kerobo,
love of the neighbour.

Plato, in his Tima^us, teaches that from the number seven was gene-
rated the soul of the World, Anima Mundana (Adam Kadmon.)
The seven wise men of Greece were :

Bias who said, " Most men arc bad," B.C. 550.

Chilo „ "Consider the end," B.C. 590.

Clcobulos,, " Avoid extremes," B.C. 5S0.

Periandcr „ " Nothing is impossible to perseverance," B.C.

600.
Pittacus „ " Know thy opportunity-," B.C. 569.

Solon „ " Know thyself," B.C. 600.

Thales „ "Suret3^ship is ruin," B.C. 550.

The Seven Wonders of the World are thus enumerated :

1. Pyramids of Egypt.

2. Babylon, Gardens for Amytis.

3. Tomb of Mausolus, King of Caria, built by Artemisia, his

Queen.

4. Temple of Diana at Ephesus, 552 B.C. Ctcsiphon was the

chief architect.

5. Colossus of Rhodes, an image of the sun god, Apollo, of brass

290 B.C.

6. Statue of Zeus, by Phidias.

7. Pharos of Egypt, built by Ptolemy Philadelphus, of white
marble, 2S3 B.C. or the Palace of Cyrus is sometimes substituted.

Sanskrit lore has very frequent reference to this number : note
Sapta Rishi, seven sages Sapta Kula, 7 castes

Sapta Loka, seven worlds „ Para, 7 cities

Sapta Dwipa, seven holy Sapta Arania, 7 deserts

islands Sapta Parna, 7 human principles.

Sapta Samudra, seven holy Sapta Vruksha, 7 holy trees,
seas
The Assyrian Tablets also teem with groups of sevens —
7 gods of sky ; 7 gods of earth ; 7 gods of fiery spheres.
7 gods maleficent ; seven phantoms ; spirits of seven heavens, spirits of
seven earths.

( 35 )

I HE Chaldean notion seems to have been that 7 was a holy number
which became nefast under certain conditions. The opposite sides
of a die added together are always seven in total numeration, the
4 opposite 3, 6 opposite i, and so on.

It used to be asserted, says John Heydon, that every seventh Male
born without any female coming between, can cure the King's Evil, by
Word, or Touch.

St. James, iii. v. 17 gives the 7 characters of wisdom.

After Birth the 7th hour decides whether the child will live, in 7 days
the cord falls off, in twice 7 days the eyes follow a light, thrice 7 days
turns the head, 7 months gets teeth, twice 7 months sits iirmly, thrice 7
months begins to talk, after 4 times 7 months walks strongly.

After 7 years, teeth of second set appear.

After 14 years is the arrival of generative power.

After 21 the hair of Manhood is completed.

After 28 we cease to grow, at 35 is the greatest strength, at 49 is the
greatest discretion, and 70 is the natural end of Life.

The Moon passes through stages of 7 days in increase, full, decrease,
and renewal.

Naaman was ordered by Elisha (an initiate) to take

Seven dips in Jordan, to cleanse himself from Leprosy ; note the

Seven years for Repentance ; 7 churches of Asia (or Assiah),

Seven Angels with Trumpets, 7 candlesticks of the Holy Places,

Seven seals, 7 trumpets, 7 kings, 7 thousands slain,

Seven vials of wrath to be poured out, pace the Apocalypse,

Seven members make a lodge perfect, although 5 may hold one.

Francis Barrett, in his " Magus " catalogues 7 Birds, Fishes, Animals,
metals, stones, and members of the Body.

It has been said there are seven apertures of the skull to correspond
with the planets.

There are Seven Degrees in the Oriental Order of Sikha and the
SAT B'H AI. (7 Brothers) ; but I have grave doubts of the authenticity
of the present order of the name.

From the relative length of their courses the ancients constructed a
Planetary Ladder, with Vowel Symbols, thus :

Moon Merc. Venus Sun Mars Jupit, Saturn

a e ee i o u 00

( 36 )

These symbols were used in mystical knowledge, as an Inscription at
the Temple of Apollo at Delphi shews, where E I meant the Sun and its
nearest Planet, i.e., Sun and Mercury ; and Mercury was oftem repre-
sented as a Dog, following a Sun Man.

The Oracle of Claros (Macrobius, Saturnalia, i. i8) said that lAO
(the Gnostic Deity), was the Sun and the first and last of the planetary
set, hence the 7 Concentric spheres.

Duncan assigns these Minerals and Animals to the 7 old Heavenly
Bodies.

Moon, Bull, Silver Mars, Wolf, Iron

Mercury, Serpent, Quicksilver Jupiter, Eagle, Pewter

Venus, Dove, Copper Saturn, Ass, Lead

Sun, Lion, Gold

Note also the number of 7 pipes in the Musical instrument at the
mouth of the old deity Pan, the Great Whole, a Sun God (not the later
Rural Pan).

An ancient s}^mbol of the universe was a Ship with seven pilots, in the
centre of the ship, a Lion ; possibly from an idea that the Sun first rose
in Leo.

Note Aries has now supplanted Taurus, as the sign of the Vernal
equinox ; Taurus was the sign at the early fabulous periods of the earth
— it was displaced about 300 B.C.

The sign becomes changed every 2,160 years by the precession of the
equinoxes : Pisces will follow Aries.

Mr. Subba Row describes the Seven Primary Forces of Nature as
six powers resumed in a seventh. These are called Sakti (Mahamaya)
and are related to Kanya i.e., Virgo, as the 6th Zodiacal Sigil : they are
Parasakti, force of light and heat; Inanasakti, intellect; Itchasakti
cause of voluntary movements ; Kriyasakti, energy of will ; Kundalini
sakti, the life force shewn in attraction and repulsion, positive and
negative ; Mantrika sakti, the power of sounds, vibration, music, words
and speech ; these are summarized in Daivi prakriti = the Light of the
Logos.

Our physical senses known as 5, are an incomplete set, there are in-
deed 7 forms or modes of perception, as appears in the highest develop-
ments of the " Chabrat zereh aur bokher," and as described in the oldest
Sanskrit occult science of the Upanishads ; — smell, taste, sight, touch,
hearing — and 6th, Mental perception, with 7th, spiritual understanding :
the two latter were not dwarfed and materialized into noticeable organs
in this fifth Race of beings, to which Man now belongs. For a fuller ex-
planation see the " Secret Doctrine " of Mme. Blavatsky. The Archaic
scheme recognized Seven States of Matter ; — homogeneous, aeriform
nebulous or curdlike, atomic, germinal fiery elemental, fourfold vapoury,
and lastly that which is cold and dependent on a vivifying Sun for light
and heat.

( 37 .

Our Earth, symbolised by Malkuth of the Kabbalah, is the seventh
of a series, and is on the Fourth plane ; it is generated by Jesod the
foundation the Sixth World, and after complete purification will in
the 7th Race of the 7th Cycle become re-united to the Spiritual Logos
and in the end to the Absolute. Our earth has been already thrice
changed, and each cycle sees seven kings (as of Edom [H. P. B.]). Seven
is the key to the Mosaic creation, as to the symbols of every religion.
There are Seven Planes of being, the upper three are subjective and un-
knowable to mankind, the lower four are objective and may be com-
templated by man as metaphysical abstractions : so there are the seven
Principles in Man, and the upper triad are parted from the lower group
of four at dissolution.

The Seven Principles constituting Man are variously named by the
Esoteric Buddhism, by the Vedantic scheme, and by other philosophers,
but they correspond in idea ; first from above come Atma, a ray from
the ""Absolute; Buddhi, spiritual soul; and Manas, human soul; these
are the superior triad, which separates at human death from the lower
tetrad of principles. The lower four arc Kama rupa, the passions ;
Linga Sarira, the astral body ; Prana, life essence ; and Sthula Sarira
the lower body : see the dogmas of Esoteric Buddhism.

The Kabbalah divides these into four planes of the Soul, which are
further separated by adepts ; these are Chiah, Neschamah, Ruach, and
Nephesch, which correspond to the symbolical worlds of Atziluth, Briah,
Yetzirah, and Assiah.

There is an occult reference in the Seven stars in the head of Taurus
called the Pleiades, six present and one hidden — said to be daughters,
of Atlas, who pursued by Orion were changed by Zeus in mercy into
pigeons (peleia). The missing one is Merope, who married the mortal
Sisyphus, and hides herself for shame. Seven was the number of the
Rabbis who left the " Greater Holy Assembly " ; ten had formed it, three
had passed away from the " Sod," SVD, mystery. See MacGregor
Mathers, in his translation of The Greater, and Lesser Holy Assembly
or the HADRA RBA ODIShA and HADRA ZUTA ODIShA.
P>ater Mathers is one of the demonstrators of the Kabbalah to the
Rosicrucian Society.

The Ogdoad 8.
is the first cube of energy, and is the only evenly even number within
the decad. The Greeks thought it an all powerful number ; they had a
Proverb "all things are eight."

Camerarius in his Nicomachus' Arithmetic, calls it Universal Harmony :
because musical ratios are distinguished by this number.

The Ratio of 9 to 8 is sesquioctave, this forms a tone and is attributed
to the Moon.

I2t0 9issesquitertian .... hiercury

12 to 8 IS sesquialter ..... J

l6 to 12 is scsquitcrtian
1 6 to S is duple

iS to 12 is sesquialtcr.
1 8 to 9 is duplex

21 to 9 is duple sesquitci

24 to 18 is sesquitertian
24 to 12 duple
24 to 8 is triple
18 to 12 sesquialtcr
12 to 8

32 to 24 sesquitertian .
32 to 8 quadruple

\'cnus

Sun

Mars

attributed to
Jupiter

Saturn

36 to 24 sesquialtcr
36 to 18 duple
2,6 to 8 quadruple
24 to 18 sesquitertian

~] Are ascribed to

, ' . ■ ' I the 8thor Inerra-

' * )-tic Sphere which

I comprehends all

• J the rest

Hence the ogdoad was also called " Cadrneia," because Harmony was
looked upon as the wife of Cadmus; and Cadmus meant the Sub Lunary
World, as Olympiodorus says. Eight was called also Mother, and Rhea,
Cybele and Dindymene, from being the first cube, and a cube represent-
ing the earth.

The eight persons saved from the flood of Genesis, are synonyms of
many octaves of gods, such as the 8 Cabiri great gods of Samothracc ;
see Bryant and Faber on this myth.

There are 8 Beatitudes of the Christian religion, Matthew, can. v.

Eight is the number of the Moons of Saturn.

There have been several Masonic orders concerned with this Noachite
Ogdoad, as the Prussian masons, Knights of the Royal Axe, or Prince of
Libanus, the Noachites, and the Royal Ark Mariners, which is a subsi-
diary order to the Mark Master Masons.

Macrobius says the Ogdoad was the type of Justice, because it con-
sists of evenly even numbers, and on account of its equal divisions.

John Heydon tells us that 8 Events befall the Damned, and that there
are 8 rewards of the Blessed.

The number 8 is sacred to Dionysos, who was born at the 8th
month : the isle of Naxos was dedicated to him and it was granted to
the women of Naxos, that their children born in the 8th month should
live, whereas it is usual for such to die, although those born in either
the 7th or the 9th month are usually reared.

The Jews were accustomed to practise Circumcision on the 8th day.

39 )

The Ennead. 9.

fHE Enncad is the first square of an odd number, it was said to be
like the Ocean flowing around the other numbers within the
Decad ; no further elementary number is possible, hence it is like
the Horizon because all the numbers are bounded by it. We find that
it was called Prometheus, and " Freedom from Strife," and " Vulcan," be-
cause the ascent of numbers is as far as 9, just as the ascent of things
decomposed by fire is as far as the sphere of Fire (the summit of the air),
and Juno because the Sphere of the air, is arranged according to the
novenary system, and "sister and wife to Jupiter" from its conjunction
with the Monad. And " Telesphorus " or " Bringing to an end " because
the human offspring is carried 9 lunar months by the parent. And teleios
or perfect for the same reason, and also called " Perfect " because it is
generated from the Triad, which is called " Perfect."

Attention is called to its being an emblem of Matter which ever
varying is never destroyed ; so the number 9 when multiplied by any
number always reproduces itself, thus: — 9 times 2 are 18 and 8 plus i
are nine : and so on as below :

9X l = 2T, 2 + 7 = 9
9X 4 = 36; 3+6=9
9X 5=45; 4+5 = 9
9X 6=54; 5 + 4=9
9X 7 = 63 ; 6 + 3=9
9X 8 = 72 ; 7+2=9
9X 9 = 81 ; 8+ 1=9
9X 10 = 90 ; 9+0=9
9x11=99;

In John Heydon's Holy Guide 166:
number 9 to have other curious properties : — " If writ or engraved on
Silver, or Sardis, and carried with one, the wearer becomes invisible, as
Caleron, the Brother-in-law of Alexander, did, and by this means lay
with his Brother's concubines as often as he did himself Nine also
obtaineth the love of Women. And the 9th hour our Saviour breathed
his last ; on the 9th day the ancients buried their dead ; after 9 years
Numa received his laws from Jove ; note the 9 Cubits stature of Og
king of Basan, who is a type of the Devil, and there are 9 orders of
Devils in Shcol (what we call Hell). It prevails against Plagues and

9X 12=108 ;

i+S+o=9

9x13 = 117;

7+1+1=9

9X 14=126 ;

6+2+1=9

9x15 = 135 ;

5+3+1=9

9x16=144;

4+4+1=9

9x17=153;

3+5+1=9

9X 18=162 ;

; 2+6+1=9

9x19=171 ;

: 1+7+1=9

9x20=180;

8+1+0 = 9.

■, we find that he asserts the

( |0 )

P'cvers ; it causes Long life and Health, and by it Plato so ordered
events that he died at the age of nine times 9."

There are Nine orders of Angels, says Gregory A. D. 381, in Homily
34, Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones, Dominions, Virtues, Powers,
Principalities, Archangels, and Angels.

From a Christian point of view the numbers represent: —

I. Unity of the Godhead 2. the hypostatic union of Christ.

3. Trinity. 4. Evangelists.

5. Wounds of Jesus. 6. is the number of sin.

7. Gifts of the spirit. Rev. i. 12. and Jesus 7 times spoke on the
cross. 8. Beatitudes.

9. Orders of Angels. 10. Commandments. 11. /\postles beside
Judas.

12. Original Apostolic College.

13. College completed by St. Paul.

The Nine Muses of ancient Greece were called daughters of Zeus and
Mnemosyne (Memory), and were Calliope, poetry ; Clio, history ;
Melpomene, tragedy ; Euterpe, music ; Erato, love, inspiration and
l)antomime ; Terpsichore, dancing ; Urania, astronomy ; Thalia,
comedy ; and Polyhymnia, eloquence.

The Novensiles are the nine Sabine Gods : viz. — Hercules, Romulus,
zEsculapius, Bacchus, ^neas, Vesta, Santa, Fortuna and Fides. The
Sabines became merged with the Romans about 266 B.C.

The Nine gods of the Etruscans were Juno, Minerva, Tinia, Vulcan,
Mars, Saturn, Hercules, Summanus, and Vedius ; the Etruscans also
became united with the Romans.

Note in Macaulay's poem of " Horatius " " Lars Porsena of Clusium
by the nine gods, he swore," in 596 B.C. Lars Porsena, led the
Etruscans ; they were then most powerful : from the Etruscans the
Romans took much of their law, custom, and superstition.

It is by nines that Eastern presents are given, when they would extend
their magnificence to the greatest degree, as mentioned in Comte de
Caylus' Oriental Tales, 1743.

Barrett's Magus notes also 9 precious stones, 9 orders of devils, 9 choirs
of angels — he copies from John Heydon.

Note in this connection the Nundinals, the Romans marked the days
by letters into parcels of 8 days, and on every 9th day the people left
their pursuits and went to the towns to market ; these nundinals are a
type of our Dominical letters, a set of seven marking out the 8th days.
They also held a purification ceremony on Male infants on the 9th day of
Life, hence the presiding goddess of this rite was called Nundina.

There is a Masonic order of " Nine Elected Knights," in which 9 roses,
9 lights and 9 knocks are used.

The Mahometans have 99 names of the deity. Some Jews have
taught that God had 9 times descended to earth ; ist in Eden, 2nd at the

f 4' ;

confusion of tongues, 3rd at the destruction of Sodom, 4th to Moses at
Horeb, and 5th at Sinai, 6th to Balaam ; 7th to EHsha ; 8th in the
Tabernacle; and 9th in the Temple at Jerusalem; and that his loth
coming as the Messiah would be final.

The ancients had a fear of the number Nine and its multiples,
especially 81 ; they thought them of evil presage, indicating change and
fragility.

Nine choirs of Angels, 9 orders of Devils, at the 9th hour the Saviour
died.

Nine is also " earth under evil influences."

John Heydon " Holy Guide," and Ragon in his Maronnerie Occultc
thus associate numbers with the Planets.

Sun I and 4 Venus 6

Moon 2 and 7 Saturn 8

Jupiter 3 Mars 9
Mercury 5

and the Zodiacal Constellations thus : —

I Leo 2 Aquarius 3 Capricornus 4 Sagittarius

5 Cancer 6 Taurus 7 Aries 8 Lilia

9 Scorpio 10 Virgo 11 Pisces 12 Gemini.

The Dec ad, i o.

The Decad, number ten, or Panteleia which meant " All complete "
or "fully accomplished," is the grand summit of numbers, which once
reached can not be passed ; to increase the sum we must retrograde to
the Monad.

The Pythagoreans were entranced with its virtues and called it. Deity,
Heaven, Eternity and the Sun.

Ten being the recipient or receptacle of all numbers was called Decad,
from dechoz/iai^io receive, and hence Heaven, which was ordained to
receive all men.

Like the Deity it is a Circle, with visible centre, but its circumference
too vast for sight.

It is the sum of the units of the number four as previously mentioned,
a holy and Deistic number, thus 4+3 + 2+ i are 10, and thus ten gains
splendour from its parentage.

Also spoken of as " Eternity," which is infinite life, because it contains
every number in itself, and number is infinite.

It is also called Kosmos, that is the " Universe." Proclus says : The
decad is mundane also, it is the world which receives the images of all the
divine numbers, which are supernaturally imparted to it.

It is called " the fountain of eternal nature," because if we take the half,
five as the middle number, and add together the next above and the next

'. 42 :

below, viz., 6 and 4 we make 10 and the next two in a similar manner 7
and 3 arc 10 ; and so on S and 2 and 9 and i i^n've the same result.

All nations reckon by the Decimal scale of notation, to which they were
no doubt led from the convenience of counting the ten digits of the
hands.

It is also spoken of as Klcidonkos, that is, "having custody of others,"
the magazine of the other numbers, because other numbers are branches
from it : also called Fate, which comprises all sorts of events : Age,
I'ower; Atlas, because it supports the 10 spheres of Heaven; Phanes ;
AIcmor\- ; Urania ; and " The first Square, because it consists of the first
four numbers."

Two old conceits were that the Tenth Wave of the Sea is always
larger than others ; and that Birds laid the loth egg of a larger size than
the others.

The word Ten was used by the Hebrews, instead of "a large number,"
so that care must be exercised in translating this, and thus Nehemiah
interprets " ten generations " of Deuteronomy, 23, v. 3, to mean " for ever."
Nehemiah, 13, i.

The Kabbalists called 5, 6 and 10 circular numbers, because when
squared, the result shews the same number in the figure thus :

5 times 5 are 25 and 5 times 25 are 125

6 times 6 are -^6 6 times 36 are 216
10 times 10 are 100 10 times 100 arc 1, 000.

An old periphrasis mentioned by Shakespeare is, " I'd set my Ten
Commandments in your face," meaning her finger nails, for scratching.
Sec 2 Henr\' YI. i. 3.

The Mahometans say that ten animals arc admitted to Paradise.

1. Kratim, the dog of the Seven Sleepers.

2. Ass of Iialaam.

3. Ant of Solomon.

4. Whale of Jonah.

5. The Calf offered to Jehovah bv Abraham instead cf Isaac (not
Ram).

6. The Ox of Moses.

7. The Camel of the prophet Salcch.

8. The Cuckoo of Reikis.

9. The Ram of Ismacl.

10. Al Borek, the animal which con\-c}-cd Mahoir.et to heaven.

"We find 10 generations from Adam to Noah, 10 from Shem to
Abraham ; and 10 spiritual graces of Christianity, Love, joy, peace, long-
suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, prudence, meekness, and tem-
perance," says Dr. G. Oliver; although where he gets 10 generations
from Adam to Noah, I know not,

( 43 )

Under lo also falls the mention of the Pythagorean Triangle, Tctractys
consisting of an equilateral triangle enclosing ten YODS : thus the upper
is the Monad, the second line the Duad, the third the Triad,

and tnc 4th the Ouartcrnary /,'\ or Tetrad : representing the
four forms of point, line, /,',V\ superficies and solid. A
similar form is given by Hebrew Kabbalists, to form

72 the deity number by placing in a triangle four Ynds, three lichs,
two Vaus and one Hch final, being the letters IHVH of the Tctra-
grammaton.

Note that ten is used as a sign of felloAship, love, peace, and Union,
in the masonic third token, the union of two five points of T^jllowship.

In the Bible we notice 10 Commandments, 10 instruments to which
Jewish Psalms were sung, 10 strings in the Psaltery, and that the Holy
Ghost descended ten days after the Ascension.

Tucer, Rabanus, and Raymond Lully associate the numbers S to air,
5 to Fire, 6 to Earth and 12 to Water.

Apuleius states that among the Egyptians it was customary to fast 10
days, before sacrificing.

The Ten Sephiroth form the essence of the Hebrew dogmatic
Kabbalah, a subject which is too vast and complex to be entered up in
this volume on numerals. A mere glance at the Sephirotic emanations
of the absolute Deity from the mathematical point of view is all that
can be attempted ; the Kabbalah Unveiled of my Rosicrucian Frater,
S. L. Macgregor Mathers, should be studied.

From the Absolute Passive Negativity, AIN proceeds AIN SOPH
the Limitless, and then AIN SOPH AUR Boundless Light which
concentrates in the first manifestation of the Sephiroth, which is the
Crown, KTR, Kether : from Kethcr proceeds CiiKMH, Chochmah,
Wisdom, an active masculine potency, and BINH, Binah, Understand-
ing, as passive feminine power.

These three form the Supernal Triad. The fourth and fifth are
CllSD, Chesed, Merc}^ active and male, and GBVRH, Geburah,
Strength, passive and female.

The sixth sephira is the notable TPART, Tiphereth, Beauty, the
central sun, the logos, the Manifested Son : this completes a second
triangle, the reflection of the former.

Number seven is NTzCh, Netzach, Victory, active, and the eighth is
HVD, Hod, Splendour, passive; the ninth is YSVD, Yesod, the
Foundation, completing the third trinity, or triangle.

MLKT, Malkuth, the Tenth Sephira, completes the emanations, she
is the Bride of Microprosopus, the Son, the Sun, logos, she is the inferior
Mother, Queen, and the Manifested Universe. The whole Ten are
viewed as reigning over Four Worlds or Planes of Existence ; there are
the Worlds of Aziluth, Briah, Yetzirah, and Assiah. INIalkuth on the
plane of Assiah alone is the visible tangible universe.

( 44 )

These ten Se;)hiroth are the prototypes of everything spiritual, and
also of every part of creation: they are traced in the angelic host and in
our universe, three superior, and seven succedent exist in all things ; the
lower seven arc obvious to the uninitiated, but in some manifestations
the supernal triad is veiled to the jM-ofane.

Some occultists phrase it thus — three are subjective and unattainable
to man, seven are objective and comprehensible ; thus, seven archangels
are commonly named, and we have known only of seven great planets
of our system.

But in some cases even the whole of seven are unknown ; we ac-
knowledge but five senses in man, but there are two more awaiting
comprehension.

These Ten Sei:)hiroth are not only viewed as triads from above below,
but are also imaged in three columns entitled the Pillars of Severity,
and Mercy, with the median of Benignity or Mildness.

But this scheme is not for this treatise, nor can the Sephirotic alliance
with the rianetar}' symbols, the angelic host, the divine names, and the
Book of Thoth, or Tarot be here described ; these subjects present a
gold mine of wisdom all concealed and undreamt-of b\' the outer world,
but amply explained and illustrated in the secret rituals and dogmas of
the mystic order now partly known to the w^orld as the " Hermetic
Students of the G. D." being the old Kabbalistic " Chabrath zereh aur
bokher," from whose parent stem the Rosicrucian Fraternities also
arose.

( 45 )

PART v.— ON THE HIGHER NUMBERS.
Upon the Number Eleven.
frj^HIS seems to have been the type of a number with an evil
reputation among all peoples. The Kabbalists contrasted it with
the perfection of the Decad, and just as the Sephirotic number is
the form of all good things, so eleven is the essence of all that is sinful,
harmful, and imperfect ; with the Ten Sephiroth they contrasted the
Eleven Averse Sephiroth, symbols of destruction, violence, defeat, and
death. On the oldest Tarot cards, the trump called the Tower struck
by Lightning, number XVI, shows the Ten Divine Sephiroth on one
side and the Eleven Averse Sephiroth on the other side.

John Heydon says that by it we know the bodies of Devils and their
nature ; the Jews understand by it Lilith, Adam's first wife, a she-devil,
dangerous to women in confinements ; hence they wrote on the walls : — ■
ADM ChVH ChVO LI LIT, that is, " Adam, Eve, out of doors Lilith."

Jesus, in Matt, xii, 43, plainly allows the doctrine that evil spirits may
haunt fields, which Grotius says the Jews think, and their words Demon
and Field are similar, being ShDIM (fields), and ShDIM (evil deities) ;
the Siddim are mentioned in Psalm cvi, -^y.

It is called the " Number of Sins " and the " Penitent," because it
exceeds the number of the Commandments, and is less thr.n twelve,
which is the number of Grace and Perfection. But sometimes even
eleven receives a favour from God, as in the case of the man who was
called in the eleventh hour to the vineyard, who yet received the same
pay as the others.

On Twelve.

This number has a perfect and notable character, and was highly
esteemed by most nations of antiquity. Almost all the twelves will be
found to be allied, either obviously or in a concealed manner, with the
Signs of the Zodiac, twelve signs or partitions of the great circle of the
heavens — twelve times thirty degrees forming the perfect cycle of 360
arithmetical degrees of the circle : each sign was further sub -divided into
three decans. There are many of the learned who believe the twelve
sons of Jacob, and twelve founders of tribes, are allegorical only. The
group of twelve Apostles seems to have been the traditional twelve
descendants of the patriarch Jacob. Note also the twelve stones of the
breastplate of the Jewish High Priest, by which it is supposed divination
was performed. Under the notice of the number twelve, we may
mention the " Twelve Grand Points of Masonr\-," which used to form a
part of the lectures in the Craft degrees. Twelve events in the
ceremony of initiation, referred to the sons of Jacob, are given by
IMackev :

C 40 )

1. To Reuben was referred the opening of Ihc Lodge— he was the

first-born son.

2. To Simeon, the preparation of the land— he prepared the destruc-

tion of the Shechcmites.

3. To Levi, the report or signal — he gave the signal in the attack on

the men of Shechcm.

4. To Judah, the entrance of the land— that tribe first entered the

promised land,

5. To Zebulun, the pra}'er — the prayer and blessing of his father fell

on him in preference to Issachar.

6. To Issachar, the circumambulalion — an indolent tribe, who required

a leader.

7. To Dan, the advance to the Altar — for a contrast to their rapid

advance to idolatry.

8. To Gad, the obligation — on account of Jephthah's vow.

9. To Asher, the entrusting; with rich Masonic blessings— resembled

the Fathers of their land.

10. To Naphtali, the investment and declared "Free" — the tribe of

Naphtali had a peculiar freedom given by Moses.

11. To Joseph, the N.E. corner — because Ephraim and IManasseh,

(grandsons) represented him, newest comers.

12. To Benjamin, the closing of the Lodge — as being the last son of

the Patriarch.
The following associations of Birds, Animals, and Flowers, with
heavenly bodies has the authority of the Greco-Roman m^-thology : —

Greek.

Pallas

Latin. liinl.

Minerva Owl

Animal

She-goat

Vegetable.

Olive

Aphrodite
Helios

Venus Dove
Sol Cock

He-goat
Bull

Mynle
Laurel

Hermes

Mercury Ibis

Dog

Hazel

Zeus

Jupiter Eagle

Hart

Horse-chestnut

Demeter

Ceres Sparrow

Sow

Apple

Hephaistos

Vulcan Goose

Ass

Box

Ares

Mars Magpie

Wolf

Dog-wood

Artemis

Diana Daw

Hind

Palm

Hestia

Vesta Heron

Lion

Pine

Hera

Juno Peacock

Sheep

Thorn

Poseidon

Neptune Swan

Horse

Elm

The astroloc

;ers associated colours

with the twelve Si

gns of the Zodiac,

thus :—

With Pisces, white
„ Aquarius, blue
„ Capricorn, blaclc or brown
„ Sagittarius, }-e!low or green
„ Scorpio, brown
„ Libra, black or crimson

With Virgo, black and blue
„ Leo, red and green
„ Cancer, green and brown
„ Gemini, red
„ Aries, white
„ Taurus, white and yellow

They are also associated with Sex, and the contrast of Day and Ni^ht.

Pisces Female

Aquarius Male
Capricorn Female
Sagittarius Male
Scorpio Female
Libra Male

Nocturnal

Diurnal

Nocturnal

Diurnal

Nocturnal

Diurnal

Virgo

Leo

Cancer

Gemini

Taurus

Aries

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Nocturnal

Diurnal

Nocturnal

Diurnal

Nocturnal

Diurnal

Fruitful

Barren
Barren
Fruitful
Barren

And, again, there are other characters which astrologers deem of im-
portance, thus : —

Pisces Water Northern Common

Aquarius Air Western Fixed

Capricorn Earth Southern Cardinal

Sagittarius Fire Eastern Common

Scorpio Water Northern Fixed

Libra Air Western Cardinal

Virgo Earth Southern Common

Leo Fire Eastern Fixed

Cancer Water Northern Cardinal

Gemini Air Western Common

Taurus Earth Southern Fixed

Aries Fire Eastern Cardinal

Lastl}^ the twelve signs are allotted to the planets as their houses : —
Pisces — the night house of Jupiter
Aquarius— the day house of Saturn (Uranus)
Capricorn — the night house of Saturn
Sagittarius — the night house of Mars
Libra — the day house of Venus
Virgo — the night house of Mercury
Leo — the sole house of Sol
Cancer — the sole house of Luna
Gemini — the day house of Mercury
Taurus — the night house of Venus
Aries — the day house of Mars.
This is very fully explained by Colcy in his Astrology, and also b)'
John Middleton in his Astrology, 1679.

Herodotus tells us that the Egyptians founded the system of a twelve-
God theology : Eutcrp. iv. The Hebrews certainly at times worshipped
the Sun, Moon, seven planets, and the Star Rulers of the Twelve
Zodiacal Signs : see 2 Kings xxiii, 5, and Job xxxviii, 32. Dunlop, in
his " Vestiges," remarks that of the names of the twelve months in use
among the Jews, several are identical with names of Deities, as Tammuz,
Ab, Elul, Bui. Groups of twelve Gods arc to be noticed in the rcliL^ions
of man}' of the ancient nations, as the Chaldeans, Etruscans, Alamer-
tincs, Romans, etc.

In Scandinavia the great Odin had 12 names — personified attributes.

( 4« )

The Kabbalists esteem the 12 permutations of the Tetrac^ram-
malon, IHVH, VHIH, HIHV, HVIII, IHHV, IVIIII, HVIH, VIHH,
IIIIVI, HIIIV, lilVH, VIIHI.

TlIIRTERX.
Thirteen was the sacred number of the /.Icxicans and people of
Yucatan : twelve of many tribes of North American Indians, as of so
many nations of antiquity : this had an astronomical connection, because
the Stars and Sun were Gods to them. The method of computation
among the Mexican Priests was by weeks of 13 days ; consult Dunlop's
"Vestiges." Their year contained 28 weeks of 13 days and i day over,
just as ours contains 52 of 7 days and one day over. Thirteen years
formed an Indiction, a week of years, the 13 days over forming another
week. Four times 13, or 53, years was their cycle. In Yucatan there
were 13 "Snake Gods" (see Stevens' " Yucatan," and Gama's " Ancient
]\Iexicans.")

Janus of the Romans is the God of the 12 months, and is drawn with
12 altars beneath his feet. lie is the same as Ass}-rian Ain, Ion, Jan ;
ON of Eastern nations (Dunlop's " Vestiges," 31).
John Heydon gives the following information : —
Prosperous numbers are
Very good „

Indifferent „

Very bad „ 24 25 28 29 30

13 is the number of the Hebrew word xAchad (AC I ID), unit)'. Old
authors state that 13 is a number used to procure agreement among
married people. [An unlucky number at a meal]

14 days of Burial, in the Master's degree : 14 parts into which the
body of Osiris was divided : a type of Christ, sacrificed on the 14th day
of the month : has been used to cure the sick.

15 is a token of spiritual ascensions : also the deity name Jah, and of
the 8th Sephira Hod.

16 means Felicity ; a square number.

17. In the treatise " Dc Iside et Osiride," Plutarch says Osiris was
killed on the 17th day of the moon, and hence when the moon was at the
full — and from that reason the Egyptians abominate the number 17, and
so did the P3'thagoreans — they called it Antiphraxis (obstruction),
because it falls between the square number 16 and the oblong
number 18.

18 was deemed a protection against thieves.

19. The number 19 is famous as being the number of \-ears in the
Metonic Cycle ; the cycle of the revolutions of the moon, after which she
returns to have her changes on the same day cif the solar year. Meto
lived 433 B.C. ; he was an Athenian; he publi died his discovery at the
Olympic Games in the above year. The exact period is, however, 18
}'ears and 10 days. The Calippic period of four cycles, or sevcnt\--si.x

2 3 4 7 9 II

13 14

17 19 20 22 23 10

26 27

6 8 12 15 iS 21

( 41; )

years, ^ya^, invented by Calippus, B.C. 330, to correct Meto. John
Heydon says that the number 19 facilitates birtlis and menses.

23. This day of September is notable because the moon which comes
to the full within a fortnight of it, is called the harvest moon, which rises
three days in succession at the same time, instead of getting daily later
_ 24 is an evil number, referring to Cain, OIN, but not of his numera-
tion, which is 100+10+50= 160, or else 100+ 10 + 700=810.

26. The number of Jehovah, IHVH, 10+5+6+5.

28. A division of the Zodiac into 28 mansions of the moon was
probably earHer than the solar division into 12 parts. Proctor believes
that Solar Astronomy of the 12 signs arose abiut 2170 B.C., in a country
of about 36 degrees of north latitude, and Taurus was the first con-
stellation of the Zodiac.

35. The number of Agia (AGLA), a composite Kabbalistic w^onder-
working name.

36. Plutarch, "Dc Iside et Osiride," calls the Tetractys the power of
the number 36, and on this was the greatest oath of the Pythagoreans
sworn ; and it was denominated the World, in consequence of its beino-
composed of the first four even and the first four odd numbers ; for i and
3 and 5 and 7 are 16 ; add 2 and 4 and 6 and 8, and obtain 36.

31. The number of El, God = AL. 1 + 30.

32. The number of the Paths of Wisdom, of the Sephcr Yctzirah
being 10 Sephiroth and 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet.

50. The number of the Gates of Binah (BIN! I) the Understanding
(see Mathers, "Book of Concealed Mystery," i, 46).

42 is notable because of the 42 -lettered name of God, tau-ht by the
Kabbalists. ^

45. The number of Adam (ADM).

65. The number of Adonai, translated " Lord " (ADNI).

67. The number of Binah, Supernal Mother, the 3rd Sephira.

72 has a large number of mystic references-to the 72 angels bearing
the names of God— derived from Exodus xiv, 19, 20, 21, by the Kabba-
lists; there is an important set of 72 pentacles which, placed in pairs,
forms a series of 36 talismans ; it is also the number of Chcsed (CHSD)
the Sephira-Mercy.

73- The number of Chocmah (ChKMH), Wisdom, the 2nd Sephira

91 IS the number of AMN and of Tetragrammaton Adonai (IHVH
ADNI). ^

So. The number of Yesod, foundation, 9th Sephira.
216. The cube of 6; 216 years, the period of the Pythagorean Metem-
psychosis.

243. Circles of Seir Anpin.

365. The Greek numeration of Abraxas, a talismanic word.
270. Worlds of the Idra Rabba, or Greater Holy Assembly.
314. The number of Shaddai, Almighty (SiiDI).

( 50 )

345- The number of El Shaddai (AL SiiDI) ; and of SuMH
(Shcmah), the Name.

3/0. Directions of thought.

496. The number of Malkuth (MLKT), the Kingdom, the loth Sephira.

474. The number of Daath, DOT, Secret Wisdom.

543. The number of the mystic name Aheie asher Aheic, '' I am that I
am " (AHIH ASHR AHIH).

608 is a very notable number, representing the Sun. Martianus Capella,
of the 5th century, says : " The Sun is called in Italy the ' God Sol ' ; at the
Nile, Serapis; at Memphis, Osiris; he is also Attis ; Adonis at Byblos; and
Ammon in Libya ; also Typhon, Mithras, and Pluto ; his holy name is of
three letters, which number 608. In Chaldee and Hebrew 608 is Cham,
or Ham (ClllM), which also means heat." In Greek Y.H.S. from U.H.S.
= 400+8+200=608. Tyre (TRCH) is also an example of 608.

620. The number of Kether (KTR) the Crown, or ist Sephira.

622 years from the Christian era is the date of the Hegira, or flight of
Mahomet from Mecca, from which }-ear the JMahometans reckon their
calendar,

632 years A.D. Is the foundation of the Persian mode of reckoning years,
from their king Yezdegird.

646. The total numeration of Elohim, or Aleim (ALHIM), being
I +30+ 5 + 10+600; or avoiding the use of final mem, we get 1+30+5 + 10
+40; neglecting the tens 1 + 3+5 + 1+4, and placing these figures in a
circle, we get the sequence 31415, notable as the value of tt, or the relation
of a diameter to circumference of every circle.

640 is Shemesh, the Sun (ShMSii) ; Mem is water ; place the three
letters one above the other, and we get Sh, fire. sun. rising above and
sinking below the waters.

650 has been referred by Godfrey Higgins to Noah, Menes, and
Bacchus. Noah, in Hebrew, is NCh or 58.

666 is the pet number of Godfrey Higgins, as referred to Rasit (RSVT),
200+60+6+400, which he insists means Wisdom — or as most believe —
Beginning or Principle.

801 is the number of alpha and omega, 1+800, the Peristera or Dove,
vehicle of the Holy Ghost; being 80+5+100+10+200+300+5 + 100+1 =
801.

813 is the numeration of ARARITA, a very important Kabbalistic
word, its letters being collected from the initials of the sentence, " One
principle of his unity, one beginning of his individuality, his vicissitude
is one."

looo-hcaded serpent is Sesha or Ananta, emblem of eternity.

108 1. The number of Tiphereth, the central Sephira, the Sun, Beauty,
Microprosopus, Son-God.

1322. First year of Egyptian cycle of Sothis, B.C. ; Rameses II. came
to the throne.

(. 5> )
1 889. Last }-ear A.D. is the 4991st year of the Kali-Yuga of the Hindu
sages ; this Yuga is to continue 432,000 years.

3102 is the number of years B.C. which corresponds to the beginning of
the Hindu KaU-Yuga or Black x\ge, era of the last deluge.

3-14159, the value of IT, ratio of diameter to circumference of a circle.
J^ode's Law is a curious arithmetical and astronomical puzzle-
Take the series of numbers o 3 6 12 24 48 96 192
Add 4 to each of them . . 4444444 4
And obtain the numbers . 4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196
These show the relation of the ancient planets to the Sun, as to distance,
in the order Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus. The
planet corresponding to 28 is missing, and seems to be replaced by the
asteroids. Uranus was re-discovered in 1781.

The Platonic Year, or Great Period, according to Tycho Brahe, is
25,816 years; Ricciolus, 25,920 years; Cassini, 24,800 years; Norman
Lockyer now gives 24,450 years.

It is the period of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes,
or the space of time wherein the stars and constellations return to their
former places in respect to the equinoxes, by means of a constant pre-
cession. The equinoxes moving backwards or westwards, meeting the Sun
constantly earlier. In the time of the oldest Greek observations, the
equinoxial points were in the first stars of Aries and Libra respectively ;
they are now in Pisces and Virgo. When these names were given the Sun
entered Aries at the Vernal equinox, and sign and constellation coincided ;
now they do not, so do not be confused by our still calling the first sign of
spring Aries, although the Sun is really at such time in Pisces : every 2,160
years the sign is changed. Precedent to Aries the Sun at the Vernal
equinox entered Taurus.

PART VI.
The xA.pocalvptic Numbers.
1st Resurrection, Revelation xx. 5.
2nd Death, xx. 14.
2 Witnesses, xi. 3.
2 Olive Trees } ^^^^^.^ ^j^^.^^^^ ^^ ^^^j ^^ ^j^^ j^^^.^l^^ ^i ^^

2 Candlesticks )

2-Horned Beast who spoke like a Dragon, xiii. 1 1 ; his number is 666.

3 Woes, ix, 12.

1/3 part of Vegetation killed, viii. 7— do. of Sea became Blood, and
do. of Fish died, viii. 8— do. of Waters became bitter, viii. 1 1— do. of Sun,
Moon, Stars, viii. 12.

31^ days, Bodies lay unburied, xxi. 9.

4 quarters of the Earth, xx. 8.

4 Beasts, full of eyes and have 6 wings, iv. 6-9 ("Beasts" should b-
/ivino t/ii/ij^s. — W.)

4 korses. White, Red, Pale, Black.

4 Horns of the golden altar before God, ix. 13.

( 52 ;

4 Angels of the Euphrates, ix. 14.

4 Angels of the Winds of the 4 corners of the Earth, vii. r.

6 Wings of the Beasts (living things), full of eyes, iv. 8.

7 Churches, i. 20.

7 Candlesticks, i. 20. Represent the 7 Churches.
7 Stars, i. 20 ; ii. I. Represent 7 angels of the Churches.
7 Angels of the Churches, i. 20.
7 Lamps stand near the Throne, iv. 5.
7 Seals, V. 5, opened by the Lamb, produce 4 horses, etc.
7 Trumpets, viii. 2. Given to 7 Angels.
7 Thunders utter tlieir voices, x. 3.
7 Plagues held by 7 Angels, xv. i.
7 Vials of Wrath, xv. 7.
7 Spirits of God, v. 6.

7-horned and 7-eycd Lamb, v. 6 ; near the Throne are the 7 Spirits of
God.

7-headed and lo-horned Scarlet Beast, on which is a Woman, xvii. 3
7-hcaded and lo-horned Dragon with 7 Crowns, xii. 3.
7-headed and lo-horned Beast rose out of sea, xiii. i.
10 Crowns on Ten horns of beast which had 7 heads, xiii. i,
lO-horned Dragon with 7 heads, xii. 3.
lO-horned Beast with 7 heads rose out of sea, xiii. i.
lO-horncd Scarlet Beast with 7 heads, on which was a woman, xvii. 3
1 2. Tribes of Israel.
12' Apostles of the Lamb. xxi. 14.
12 Gates of the New Jerusalem )
12 Angels guarding them j" "^'^'* ^^"

12 Foundations of the Walls of the New Jerusalem.
12 Stars on the head of the Woman, xii. i.
12 sorts of Fruits on the Tree of Life, xxii. 2.
24 Elders around the Throne, on 24 seats, iv. 4-10.
42 months the Gentiles tread over the outer court of Temple, xi, 2.
42 months the 7-headed Beast to have power to Blaspheme, xiii. 5.
144 cubits, the height of the Walls of the New Jerusalem, xxi. 17.
666, number of the Beast.
1000 years. Dragon bound for, xx. 2-3.
1000 years. Souls of the Faithful to live and reign, xx. 4.
1260 days, the two Witnesses prophesy, xi. 3.
1260 days, the Woman to be in the wilderness, xii. 6.
12,000 of each Tribe chosen.

12,000 furlongs, length of the sides of the New Jerusalem, xxi. 16.
144,000 chosen from the whole of the Tribes.

100,000,000, or ten thousand times ten thousand Angels, round the
Throne, v. 2.

M^i

9000 005 820 159

TfflS ITEM DOES NOT

CIRCULATE WITHOUT

A PHASE BOX OR OTHER

PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURE

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-WDlt:

HiiiJiMaiB'SWWW

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Full text of "Numbers: their occult power and mystic virtue. Being a résumé of the views of the Kabbalists, Pythagoreans, adepts of India, Chaldean Magi and mediæval magicians"

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